Comparative lipidome revealed an increase of unsaturated lipids in Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis 420 by linoleic acid supplementation

Abstract

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis 420 (B420), serving as a probiotic helping in metabolic health, has been extensively studied. Since the lipids produced by Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis 420 (B420) exhibit variable bioactivities, understanding lipid profile alterations across different cultivation phases could offer valuable insights for developing targeted production strategies that enhance both the yield and bioactivity of specific lipid constituents. However, studies elucidating these lipid profile changes throughout various cultivation phases are limited, yet such research is essential for facilitating effective production strategies aimed at optimizing the yield and bioactivity of desired lipid components. Linoleic acid supplementation has been reported to enhance the production of unsaturated fatty acids in Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis 420 (B420). This study aimed to reveal the lipidomics of B420 and its profile change during the cultivation. Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/nano-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry, the investigation revealed a significantly diverse composition and relative intensity of lipids across different cultivation stages. A total of 862 lipids, categorized into 23 distinct lipid classes, were identified in B420. Among these, 683 unsaturated lipids comprised nearly 70% of the total lipid pool. Following linoleic acid supplementation, the total number of identified lipid compounds increased to 891, with unsaturated lipids rising to 701, which included 509 polyunsaturated lipids. Additionally, the relative content of unsaturated lipids at each growth phase demonstrated a significant increase, peaking at 75.69% during the late stationary phase, which is 8.89% higher than observed in the absence of linoleic acid supplementation. The intensity of unsaturated fatty acyls increased to 13.55 times. Notably, linoleic acid induced the production of unsaturated lipids characterized by varying numbers and distributions of double bonds. For the first time, this study enhances our understanding of the lipid profile changes in B420 and reveals the compositional and quantitative variations of unsaturated lipids resulting from linoleic acid supplementation during cultivation. Our research provided a new understanding of the probiotic effects of B420 from a lipidomic perspective and elucidate the mechanisms underlying linoleic acid supplementation during cultivation.

Keywords

Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis 420 / Unsaturated lipids / Lipidome / Linoleic acid / Probiotic effect

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Funding

National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFE0104400)

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Jiangnan University