Alternative proteins production: current scenario, bioreactor types, and scale-up strategies

Abstract

Interest in the technology for producing alternative proteins is rapidly increasing, driven by the need to find new ways to produce and consume protein for the global population. This technology involves growing different microorganisms and animal cells under controlled conditions to ensure their viability and efficient growth. The cultivation process takes place in different types of bioreactors, from traditional models to innovative new designs, each offering unique features and capabilities. The most commonly used bioreactors are stirred tank reactors, which are mechanically agitated, and airlift or bubble column bioreactors, which are pneumatically agitated. These bioreactors are often adapted or modified to optimize the production of cultured meat. Essential to the process are microcarriers or scaffolds that support cell adhesion and proliferation. Other bioreactor models, such as hollow fiber and packed bed bioreactors, are also being explored. The trend towards single-use technology is growing due to benefits like easier cleaning and sterilization, and reduced operation times, though it does raise concerns about plastic waste. This review not only describes various bioreactor models but also discusses instrumentation and control systems. It aims to present the main bioreactor models currently in use for cultivated meat production, detailing their features, advantages, disadvantages, and the technological challenges that need to be addressed.

Graphical abstract

References

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Funding

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(409337/2023-4); Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES-PROEX)