Effect of nonwoven filters on rainfall seepage flow and stability of slopes

Abstract

In recent years, the incidence of sediment disasters caused by climate change, such as torrential rains exceeding expectations due to global warming, has been increasing year by year, and the associated human and economic losses have been expanding. In this paper, nonwoven filters were installed on the slope of an on-site observation area in the sediment disaster warning area north of National Institute of Technology, Tokuyama College in Shunan City, Yamaguchi Prefecture. The rainfall intensity and moisture content by volume were then measured in both the nonwoven filter installed and bare ground sections. As a consequence, the relationship between precipitation levels and the occurrence of slope failure was elucidated. Moreover, the rainfall seepage model proposed by Tsubogo et al. demonstrated a reduced discrepancy between the numerical solution and the observed value in comparison to the previous model. When a nonwoven filter was installed, the results of the numerical solutions exhibited a high degree of concordance with the observed value. In the bare ground section, the outcome of the before collapse numerical solution was in alignment with the observed value. However, following the collapse, this concordance exhibited a tendency to diminish.

Keywords

Nonwoven filter / On-site measurement / Penetration characteristics / Seepage flow

References

[1] Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transportation and Tourism (MLIT) (2023) White Paper on Land and Infrastructure Transportation. MLIT, Japan, p. 211-231

[2] National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (2010) Nat Dis Res Rep, vol. 44. NIED, Japan. p. 39-51

[3] Onda Y, Okunishi K, Iida T, Tsujimura M (1996) Hydrogeomorphology. Kokonsyoin, Japan, p. 55-66. ISBN 4-7722-4003-9

[4] Miyata S, Onda Y, Gomi T, Mizugaki S, Asai H, Hirano T, Fukuyama T, Kosugi K, Sidle R, Terajima T, Hiramatsu S (2009) Factors affecting generation of Hortonian overland flow in forested hillslopes. J Jpn Forest Soc, Japan https://doi.org/10.4005/jjfs.91.398

[5] Gomi T, Miyata S, Onda Y (2010) Overland flow generation and the contribution on storm runoff in headwater catchments draining Japanese cypress forest. Water Science, Japan https://doi.org/10.20820/suirikagaku.53.6_77

[6] Fujiwara H, Fukuda Y, Ue S, Kuwajima K, Tsunemura T (2003) Stability of slope with open type filter. Ground engineering, 21(1):23–30. Chugoku Branch of Japanese Geotechnical Society, Japan

[7] Tsubogo K, Nakamura K, Yamamoto K, Ue S, Fukuda Y (2011) Study on slope protection function at rainfall of using nonwoven filter. Ground engineering, 29(1):89–97. Chugoku Branch of Japanese Geotechnical Society, Japan

[8] Tsubogo K, Araki K, Fukuda Y, Kuwajima K, Katayama K, Ue S (2022) Observations and Analysis of vertical one dimension seepage flow phenomenon. Proceedings of the 11th Symposium on Sediment-Related Disasters, vol 11. Japan Society of Civil Engineers - west, Japan, p. 125–130

[9] Tsubogo K, Araki K, Fukuda Y, Kuwajima K, Katayama K, Ue S (2022) Study on rainfall penetration characteristics of slope. Proceedings of the Symposium on the Relationship between Slope Failure and Rainfall in Kitakyusyu 2022:47–56. Japan Society of Civil Engineers - west, Japan

[10] Tsubogo K, Araki K, Fukuda Y, Kuwajima K, Katayama K, Ue S (2023) Study on Slope Penetration Characteristics in Rainfall. 15th Proceedings of the third Japan National Symposium on Environmental Geotechnology, vol 15. Japanese Geotechnical Society, Japan, p. 513–517

[11] Araki K, Kitamura R (2005) Relation between soil compaction curve and soi-water characteristic curve for unsaturated soil. Symposium on geotechnical engineering, Japanese Geotechnical Society, Japan 83–90.

[12] Japan Chapter of International Geosynthetics Society (2002) Geosynthetic Technical Information. 18(2):16-21. Japan Chapter of International Geosynthetics Societym, Japan https://doi.org/10.11504/jcigstechnical1995.18.2_16

[13] Ogawa S, Kishi Y, Yamada A (1990) Infiltration-discharge of rain water and translation phenomena in soil. J Japan soc hyd and water res 3(3):25-35. Japan https://doi.org/10.3178/jjshwr.3.3_25

[14] Japan Society of Civil Engineers (2019) Properties of porous media affecting fluid flow. 53-55. Maruzen Publishing Co., Ltd., Japan

[15] Brooks R H, Corey A R (1966) Properties of porous media affecting fluid flow. J. Irrigation and Drainage, 92(IR2):61-88. Proc. ASCE, American https://doi.org/10.1061/JRCEA4.0000425

[16] Oka T, Kadoya M (1974) Rainfall infiltration and groundwater runoff in bare slope (2) -approach to runoff model-. DPRI Annuals, No.17B, pp.523-533. 1. DPRI Kyoto University, Japan

[17] Kamiya K, Bakrie R, Honjo Y (2006) The measurement of air permeability coefficient of unsaturated soil with controlling water retentivity. JSCE J C, 62No.3:679-688. Japan https://doi.org/10.2208/jscejc.62.679

[18] Fujimori H, Araki K (2017) An experimental consideration on permeability, compaction characteristic and failure pattern by vibration for unsaturated soils. JSCE J Earthquake Eng 73(4):I_161-I_169. Japan https://doi.org/10.2208/jscejseee.73.I_161

[19] Kitamura R, Sako K, Araki K (2012) l. Prediction Procedures for Sediment Disasters Induced by Heavy Rain. J Geotech Eng 60(3):6-9. Japan

[20] Araki K, Kitamura R (2007) Derivation of SWCC and permeability coefficient from compaction test based on Kitamura model. Proc. 3rd Asian Conference on Unsaturated Soils (Unsat-Asia2007), 327-333. China

[21] Japan Meteorological Agency (2024) Japan Meteorological Agency Guidebooks 2024, P.49, JMA, Japan

Funding

Chugoku Regional Innovation Research Center

All Japan Tohsu Technical Association in Civil Engineering

Tokuyama College of Technology Techno Academia

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

The Author(s)