The psychological impact of honor cultures and shame societies on the general population has not been examined through a diagnostic lens. Atimiaphobia is a newly recognized psychological condition characterized by an intense fear of losing honor or being labeled shameless, deeply rooted in honor cultures and shame societies. To assess this construct, the Atimiaphobia Scale (AtiPhoS) was developed and rigorously validated. The study was conducted in a series of four phases involving 1232 participants (Mage = 27 years; women = 48.9%). The validation of the AtiPhoS involved exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses along with convergent and predictive validity. The AtiPhoS, comprising 15 items (English) and four subscales (fear of being labeled shameless, fear of violating social norms, fear of public judgement, fear of losing self-respect and honor) demonstrated excellent reliability (α = 0.824; ICC = 0.989). The model fit indices, such as CFI (0.933), TLI (0.916), RMSEA (0.065), and SRMSR (0.044), showed strong validity. Convergent validity was demonstrated by the scale's significantly positive correlation with the Experience of Shame Scale (r = 0.377) and the anxiety sub-scale of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (r = 0.262). The predictive validity of the AtiPhoS was established through its inverse predictive values for social intelligence (β = −0.229). A significant positive correlation was found between atimiaphobia and age. Women and married individuals exhibited significantly higher levels of atimiaphobia compared with men and unmarried individuals, respectively. The study provides compelling evidence that atimiaphobia is a distinct and measurable phenomenon, contributing to the broader understanding of cultural stressors related to honor and shame.
In competitive sports, formal athletes' proactive behaviors are crucial for their on-stream performance. Recent studies suggest mindfulness training and mental toughness can enhance athletes' performance, but their impact on sustained proactive behaviors remains unclear. Considering the team's psychological climate, our study explores how innovative and inclusive climates moderate the relationship between mindfulness, mental toughness, and proactive behaviors. A cross-sectional survey of 483 formal athletes in China was conducted, employing structural equation modeling to test hypotheses. Results indicate that mindfulness enhances proactive behaviors indirectly through mental toughness. An innovative climate positively moderates the indirect relationship and reverses in direct, while an inclusive climate does not. The study contributes to sports psychology by establishing an integrated model of mindfulness-driven proactive behavior, revealing differentiated moderation paths through mental toughness, and providing practical insights for optimizing team climates to foster proactive behaviors.
Identity is a fundamental concept in social psychology; however, its application in conservation education has been limited. This study examines the impact of naturalist identity on biodiversity conservation behaviors, focusing on both direct and indirect pathways mediated by a sense of obligation. Using a mixed-methods approach, we developed and validated a 10-item Naturalist Identity Scale (NIS) using a total of 824 valid responses from naturalists and college students, demonstrating strong psychometric properties and cross-group comparability. Results from 198 naturalists revealed that naturalist identity significantly predicts biodiversity-related actions, with a sense of obligation partially mediating this relationship. Consequently, the study provides a reliable scale for measuring naturalist identity and suggests that a stronger naturalist identity is associated with a higher frequency of biodiversity actions. Our findings emphasize the importance of identity in fostering conservation behaviors and offer practical insights for environmental education strategies.
Does autonomy support retain its motivational benefits when digital distraction pervades the classroom? Drawing on self-determination theory and cognitive-resource perspectives, we proposed the Cognitive Availability Hypothesis: when attentional resources are depleted by smartphone presence, task choice cannot fulfill its motivational potential; protective structure—removing external digital distractions—functions as an enabling condition rather than a parallel instructional option. Using a fully counterbalanced 2 × 2 within-subjects crossover design (N = 121 Chinese undergraduates; 8 weeks), we independently manipulated protective structure (smartphone sequestration: present vs. absent) and autonomy support (task choice: present vs. absent) in university badminton classes, with flow as the primary outcome and class engagement as a secondary outcome. The Sequestration × Choice interaction was significant for flow: task choice had a negligible effect without sequestration but a moderate effect with sequestration. A parallel pattern emerged for engagement. Process-consistent analyses indicated that sequestration was associated with lower cognitive load and that the conditional choice effect on motivational regulation was most clearly expressed in identified regulation, the form of motivation that involves valuing and personally endorsing the activity. Manipulation checks confirmed that sequestration reduced perceived phone distraction without undermining perceived choice or choice authenticity. These findings suggest that in digitally saturated classrooms, establishing attentional conditions may precede, rather than merely complement, autonomy-supportive instruction.
Machine learning approaches have been increasingly applied to social media text data for mental health risk detection. However, existing studies vary widely in target outcomes, data sources, labeling strategies, and evaluation practices, and a structured overview of recent research remains limited. This scoping review aims to map the recent research landscape of machine learning–based mental health risk detection using social media text data. Following PRISMA ScR guidelines, peer reviewed journal articles published between January 2021 and January 2026 were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore. Studies applying machine learning or deep learning methods to social media text data for mental health risk detection were included and synthesized descriptively. A total of 136 studies were identified. Most focused on depression, anxiety, and suicide or self-harm related risks. Mental health risk was predominantly operationalized through proxy indicators derived from user-generated content, with limited use of survey-linked or clinically anchored labels. Traditional machine learning, deep learning, and Transformer-based models coexisted, alongside substantial heterogeneity in validation strategies and performance metrics. Current research primarily targets proxy-based mental health risk signals rather than clinical diagnoses. This review clarifies prevailing research emphases and methodological practices, and supports the use of social media–based approaches for population-level monitoring and early risk identification.
Previous studies have indicated impaired motor sequence learning in people who stutter (PWS). The present study demonstrates that PWS retain intact sequence learning abilities when motor demands are minimized.
Reward processing comprises reward sensitivity, motivation, and pleasure experience, but how these components jointly relate to schizotypal traits and psychosocial stress in young adult samples remains unclear. Using network analysis in a large Chinese young adult sample (N = 6814), we examined multivariate associations among reward sensitivity (BAS), schizotypal traits (MSS), reward motivation (MAP-SR), pleasure experience (TEPS), and psychosocial stress (ERI). The results indicated that BAS-Fun seeking showed the highest strength centrality and expected influence. MSS-Disorganized schizotypal traits served as a bridge node between reward sensitivity and reward motivation and pleasure experience. Subsequent mediation analysis also supported these findings. Network comparison tests indicated no difference in global strength between the high- and low-psychosocial-stress groups, but a significant difference in overall network structure. These findings highlight impulsive Fun seeking and disorganized schizotypal traits as potentially informative targets for mechanistic and intervention-oriented research across the psychosis continuum in young adult cohorts.
The relationship between body mass index (BMI), gender, and specific depression-anxiety symptoms remains unclear. This study examined how BMI and gender are associated with depression-anxiety symptom networks in 9091 Chinese adults aged 19–65 years using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scales. Participants were categorized into four BMI subgroups: underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity groups. Network analysis identified core symptoms, including “motor problems” (PHQ8), “uncontrollable worry” (GAD2), and “trouble relaxing” (GAD4). Differences in network structure were observed across BMI groups, with males showing variations between the underweight, normal weight, and obesity groups, and females demonstrating significant differences in both network structure and global strength between the underweight and overweight groups. Gender differences were also found in the global strength of the overall network and in the network structure of the normal weight group. Limitations include potential residual confounders, the cross-sectional design, reliance on self-reported data, and unbalanced sample sizes. These findings suggest that BMI may be associated with the depression-anxiety symptom network in Chinese adults, with distinct gender-specific patterns, highlighting the importance of considering both BMI and gender in developing targeted mental health interventions.
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) represent a heterogeneous group of conditions that are thought to be related to impaired brain development, which often leads to significant functional difficulties across various domains. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD), conventional diagnostic frameworks mainly focus on categorical classifications for identifying and supporting children with NDD. Despite their merit throughout the history of special and inclusive education, various stakeholders revealed the imperfections of this categorical diagnostic system. One aim of this perspective review, thus, is to promote a transdiagnostic approach for understanding NDDs as a possible supplementation of the current categorical diagnosis system. At the same time, there is limited relevant research on psychological and ecological domains beyond the symptomatic and neurocognitive domains of NDD. We propose to extend the transdiagnostic approach within the framework of a biopsychosocial approach that integrates neurocognitive, psychological, and socioecological factors and aims to enhance the understanding of NDD and the broader context of inclusive education.
We explored how affective states, information affect, and source impacted health information adoption. Adoption of expert-sourced information was greater than that from GAI, in line with the source credibility framework. In negative or neutral states, or when receiving content from GAI, people preferred positive over negative information, consistent with the affect-as-information hypothesis.
Positive psychology (PP) has become a key perspective in second language acquisition (SLA), with growing attention to learners' emotions, motivation, engagement, well-being, and self-regulation. However, existing PP–SLA studies have not been sufficiently mapped in terms of how theoretical frameworks are selected, classified, and operationalized. This scoping review aims to map and classify publication characteristics (e.g., geographic distribution, journal rankings) and the theoretical frameworks and models that have guided the application of PP in SLA. Following PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), the review was conducted in two stages. First, review, theoretical, and conceptual articles published between 2021 and 2025 were screened to identify higher-level theoretical discussions in PP–SLA research. Second, empirical studies published in 2025 were examined to capture the most recent operational applications of these frameworks. A total of 38 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 6 review articles and 32 empirical studies. Findings indicate that PP functions as the broad conceptual umbrella of the field, while Broaden-and-Build Theory, Control-Value Theory, Grit Theory, Flow Theory, Self-Determination Theory, and Social Cognitive Theory represent the most frequently used specific theories/models. The review further classifies the seven major frameworks into four higher-order categories: well-being and flourishing frameworks, emotion-centered theories, persistence and engagement theories, and motivational regulation theories. This scoping review contributes to PP–SLA research by moving beyond a list of individual theories and offering a hierarchical classification of theoretical framework use in the field. It also identifies key gaps concerning age-sensitive theorization, digital and non-formal learning contexts, cross-cultural applicability, teacher-related dimensions, and the need for stronger longitudinal and experimental designs.