The pituitary adenoma (PA) is a common benign tumor of the pituitary gland. Pituitary tumors and healthy tissues, as well as different types of tumors, have distinct metabolite profiles. However, noninvasive to invasive transcriptional alterations, widely assumed to be therapeutic targets, have not yet been characterized. We describe the comprehensive identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between tumors and controls, using microarray data for 70 samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, spanning the four most frequent tumor subtypes. There were a total of 940 DEGs unique to prolactin tumors, 437 DEGs unique to nonfunctional tumors, and 217 DEGs shared by all four categories. Many relevant biological functions were altered, as revealed by functional enrichment analysis. Involvement in cell cycle, AGE-RAGE, NF Kappa B, cytokine–cytokine interaction, and B- and T-cell receptors signaling were identified as significant pathways in high-expression genes. In contrast, the extracellular matrix, RAS signaling, breast cancer-related pathways, focal adhesion, RAP1 signaling, axon guidance, and RNA degradation were identified as significant pathways in low-expression genes. Also, EGFR and JAK2 had a prominent role in the invasion of PA. By performing a thorough bioinformatics analysis of the transcriptomics data available for PA, we were able to isolate a subset of metabolically related DEGs that may represent novel and highly promising treatment targets.

The global primary health concern of skin cancer emphasizes the need for quick and accurate diagnosis to improve patient outcomes. Although, it might be challenging to evaluate the possible risk of a skin spot merely by looking at it and feeling it. This review article offers a thorough overview of current breakthroughs in machine learning (ML) and computer-aided diagnostics (CAD) for the aim of analysis and classification of skin cancer lesions over the past 6 years. This paper carefully reviews the whole diagnostic process: data preparation, lesion segmentation, feature extraction, feature selection, and final classification. Analyzed are many publicly accessible datasets and creative ideas including deep learning (DL) and ML integrated with computer vision, together with their impact on increasing diagnosis accuracy. Given the variety and complexity of skin lesions, even with enormous progress, there are still major obstacles. This review rigorously assesses current methods, notes areas of great challenge, and provides recommendations to direct the next research targeted at improving early detection strategies and CAD systems.

The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of Brucea javanica (Yadanzi) oil soft capsules (YDZ capsules) with or without Capecitabine/S-1 in maintenance therapy for advanced gastric cancer (GC). From January 2019 to December 2021, 105 patients treated at Jiangsu Cancer Hospital were enrolled and categorized into 3 treatment groups: Group A received YDZ capsules, Group B received Capecitabine or S-1, and Group C received a combination of YDZ capsules with Capecitabine or S-1. The study compared the efficacy across these groups using the Objective Response Rate (ORR) and Disease Control Rate (DCR) metrics, focusing on the differences between Group A and Group B, and between Group B and Group C. Additionally, safety profiles were assessed and compared between these groups to evaluate the tolerability of each regimen. YDZ capsules alone had lower efficacy than chemotherapy (DCR: 51.4% vs. 68.6%, p = .14). While combination showed significantly higher efficacy with improved ORR (65.7% vs. 37.2%, p < .05) and DCR (88.6% vs. 68.6%, p < .05). YDZ capsules showed a significantly lower overall incidence of adverse reactions (ADRs) compared to capecitabine/S-1-treated group (p < .05). Combination therapy had significantly reduced the incidence of ADRs such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue (p < .05). Combination of YDZ capsules and Capecitabine/S-1 demonstrate an obvious synergism and attenuation in maintenance treatment for advanced GC, highlighting their therapeutic potential especially for patients treated with palliative chemotherapy.

Baicalein (BAI) extracted from Chinese herb has been proved to increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to gemcitabine (GEM) and effectively solve the problem of drug resistance of tumor cells. Nevertheless, intravenous administration often leads to intolerance of patients and side effects. In this paper, we introduced egg-based porous microparticles for controllable drug delivery and oncotherapy, which avoided frequent intravenous administration. The interconnected porous structure endowed the microparticles with the capacity of loading sufficient drugs and releasing in a controllable way by adjusting the concentration and proportion of egg white and yolk. We have demonstrated that the cell viability of drug delivery system group was less than 50%, while the single drug group was more than 70%, which indicated that the co-delivery of GEM and BAI could significantly reduce the proliferation of cells. These features indicated that the egg porous microparticles are ideal for controllable drug delivery and oncotherapy.

To develop a re-education program for elderly patients undergoing radiation therapy based on the Skinnerian teaching model, with the aim of improving their adaptability and quality of life. Through Skinnerian teaching principles, from January 1, 2023 to April 3, 2024, an analysis of the educational needs of elderly patients was conducted to establish the educational content and program. Through the Delphi method, 55 experts were invited to optimize the program, and 54 patients were piloted. The recall rates for the two rounds of counseling were 100% and 97.26%, and the indicator importance scores and Kendall’s coefficients of concordance indicated the consistency and reliability of the program. The program was combined with online and offline instruction for 30 min at a time, with frequency adjusted according to content. The program was scientific and reliable, with easy-to-understand content and a variety of formats that met the laws of memorization and effectively assessed the educational process and outcomes.