Novel FGMOS based PCS device for low power applications

Abstract

The spice model for photo catalytic sensor (PCS) proposed by Whig and Ahmad overcomes several drawbacks like complex designing, non-linearity, and long computation time generally found in the flow injection analysis (FIA) technique by Yoon-Chang Kim et al. for the determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD). The FIA technique involves the complete analysis including sampling and washing. The flow injection analysis is an analytical method for the measurement of the chemical oxygen demand by using the photochemical column. This method uses a bulky setup and takes 10 minutes to 15 minutes to get the output result which is a tedious and time consuming job. If the conventional method is continuously used for a long time then it is stable only for 15 days. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new floating gate photo catalytic sensor (FGPCS) approach which has low power consumption and more user-friendly, and it is fast in operation by the modeling and optimization of sensor used for water quality monitoring. The proposed model operates under sub-threshold conditions which are appreciated in large integrated system design. The results of simulation are found to be fairly in agreement with the theoretical predictions. The results exhibit near linear variations of parameters of interest with appreciably reduced response time.

Keywords

FGPCS / spice modeling / simulation / photo catalytic sensor / flow injection analysis / macro model

References

[1] Chow L L W, Yuena M M F, Chanb P C H, Cheung A T. Reactive sputtered TiO₂ thin film humidity sensor with negative substrate bias. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2001, 76(1–3): 310-315.

[2] Whig P, Ahmad S N. Simulation of linear dynamic macro model of photo catalytic sensor in SPICE. Compel The International Journal of Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2013, 33(1/2): 611-629.

[3] Whig P, Ahmad S N. A novel Pseudo NMOS integrated ISFET device for water quality monitoring. Active and Passive Electronic Components, 2013, 10(1): 1-6.

[4] Whig P, Ahmad S N. Development of economical ASIC for PCS for water quality monitoring. Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, 2014, 23(6): 1-13.

[5] Kahng D, Sze S M. A floating gate and its application to memory devices. The Bell System Technical Journal, 1967, 46(4): 1288-1295.

[6] Berg Y, Lande T S, Naess S. Low-voltage floating-gate current mirrors. Proceedings of the 10th Annual IEEE International ASIC Conference and Exhibit, Portland, OR, 1997 21-24.

[7] Lande T S, Wisland D T, Saether T, Berg Y. FLOGIC-floating-gate logic for low-power operation. Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems, Rodos, 1996 1041-1044.

[8] Rodriguez-Villegas E. Low Power and Low Voltage Circuit Design with the FGMOS Transistor, 2006, London, UK: The Institution of Engineering and Technology

[9] Massobrio G, Antognetti P. Semiconductor Device Modeling with SPICE, 1993, New York, USA: McGraw-Hill

[10] Peterson M, Turner J, Nozik A. Mechanistic studies of the photocatalytical behavior of TiO₂ particles in photo electrochemical slurry and the relevance to photo detoxification reactions. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 1991, 95(1): 221-225.

[11] Polycarpou M M, Uber J G, Zhong W, Feng S, Brdys M. Feedback control of water quality. IEEE Control Systems Magazine, 2002, 22(3): 68-87.

[12] Kim Y C, Sasaki S, Yano K, Ikebukuro K, Hashimoto K, Karube I. Photocatalytic sensor for the determination of chemical oxygen demand using flow injection analysis. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2001, 432(2): 59-66.

[13] Whig P, Ahmad S N. Performance analysis of various readout circuits for monitoring quality of water using analog integrated circuits. International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications, 2012, 4(11): 91-98.

[14] Whig P, Ahmad S N. On the performance of ISFET-based device for water quality monitoring. International Journal of Communications Network and System Sciences, 2011, 4(11): 709-719.

[15] Whig P, Ahmad S N. DVCC based readout circuitry for water quality monitoring system. International Journal of Computer Applications, 2012, 49(22): 1-7.