Review on partial discharge detection techniques related to high voltage power equipment using different sensors

Abstract

When operating an equipment or a power system at the high voltage, problems associated with partial discharge (PD) can be tracked down to electromagnetic emission, acoustic emission or chemical reactions such as the formation of ozone and nitrous oxide gases. The high voltage equipment and high voltage installation owners have come to terms with the need for conditions monitoring the process of PD in the equipments such as power transformers, gas insulated substations (GIS), and cable installations. This paper reviews the available PD detection methods (involving high voltage equipment) such as electrical detection, chemical detection, acoustic detection, and optical detection. Advantages and disadvantages of each method have been explored and compared. The review suggests that optical detection techniques provide many advantages in the consideration of accuracy and suitability for the applications when compared to other techniques.

Keywords

PD detection methods / power transformer / high voltage equipments

References

[1] Tenbohlen S, Denissov D, Hoek S M, Ring Z. Partial discharge measurement in the ultra high frequency (UHF) range. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2008, 15(6): 1544-1552.

[2] Judd M D, Yang L, Hunter I B B. Partial discharge monitoring for power transformers using UHF sensors part 1: sensors and signal interpretation. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 2005, 21(2): 5-14.

[3] Judd M D, Yang L, Hunter I B B. Partial discharge monitoring for power transformers using UHF sensors part 2: field experience. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 2005, 21(3): 5-13.

[4] Timperley J E, Electric A, Service P. Power apparatus and systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and System, 1983, PAS-102(3): 693-698.

[5] Bartnikas R. Partial discharges their mechanism, detection and measurement. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2002, 9(5): 763-808.

[6] Karmakar S, Roy N K, Kumbhakar P. Partial discharge measurement of transformer with ICT facilities. International Conference on Power Systems 2009, Kharagpur, India, Dec. 27–29, 2009 1-5.

[7] Harrold R T. Acoustical technology applications in electrical insulation and dielectrics. IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation, 1985, EI-20(1): 3-19.

[8] Lundgaard L E. Partial discharge. XIII. acoustic partial discharge detection-fundamental considerations. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 1992, 8(4): 25-31.

[9] Varlow B R, Auckland D W, Smith C D, Zhao J. Acoustic emission analysis of high voltage insulation. IEE Proceedings Science, Measurement and Technology, 1999, 146(5): 260-263.

[10] Harrold R T. Acoustic waveguides for sensing and locating electrical discharges in high voltage power transformers and other apparatus. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, 1979, PAS-98(2): 449-457.

[11] Leijon M, Ming L, Bengtsson T. PD source identification in solids. IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation, Conference Record of the 1992, Baltimore, USA, Jun. 7–10, 1992 415-418.

[12] Wang X, Li B, Liu Z, Roman H T, Russo O L, Chin K K, . Analysis of partial discharge signal using the Hilbert-Huang transform. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2006, 21(3): 1063-1067.

[13] Howells E T N E. Location of partial discharge sites in on-line transformers. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, 1981, PAS-100(1): 158-162.

[14] Eleftherion P M. Partial discharge XXI: acoustc emisson-based PD source location in transformer. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 1995, 11(6): 22-26.

[15] Search H, Journals C, Contact A, Iopscience M, Mater S, Address I P. Optical fiber sensing technique for impact detection and location in composites and metal specimens. Smart Materials and Structures, 1995, 4, 93.

[16] Furstenau N, Schmidt M, Horack H, Goetze W, Schmidt W. Extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer vibration and acoustic sensor systems for airport ground traffic monitoring. IEE Proc-Optoulectron, 1997, 144(4): 134-144.

[17] Markalous S M, Ring Z, Tenbohlen S, Feser K. Detection and location of partial discharges in power transformers using acoustic and electromagnetic signals. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2008 1576-1583.

[18] Pinpart T, Judd M D. Experimental comparison of UHF sensor types for PD location applications. IEEE Electrical Insulation Conference 2009, 2009 26-30.

[19] Tian A E D Y, Lewin P L. Comparison of on-line partial discharge detection methods for HV cable joints. IEEE Transaction on Dielectric an Electric Insulation, 2002, 9(4): 604-615.

[20] Dukes R, Sc B, Ph D, Culpan E A, Eng C. Acoustic emission: its techniques and applications. Physical Science, Measurement and Instrumentation, Management and Education-Reviews, IEE Proceedings A, 1984, 131(4): 241-251.

[21] Rivera H L, Maci-Sanahuja C, Garc-Souto J A. Detection and wavelet analysis of partial discharges using an optical fibre interferometric sensor for high-power transformers. Journal of Optics A Pure and Applied Optics, 2003, 5(1): 66-72.

[22] Cosgrave J A, Vourdas A, Jones G R, Spencer J W, Murphy M M, Wilson A. Acoustic monitoring of partial discharges in gas insulated substations using optical sensors. IEE Proceedings A Science, Measurement and Technology, 1993, 140(5): 369-374.

[23] Wang A, Liu Y, Deng J, Xiao H, Huo W, Luo M, . Optical fiber sensor-based detection of partial discharges in power transformers. Optical Fibers and Applications, 2001, 33(5): 305-311.

[24] Huecker T. Application of uhf partial discharge monitoring and expert system diagnosis. Conference Record of the 1998 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation, Arlington, USA, Jun. 7–10, 1998 61-64.

[25] Judd M D. High bandwidth measurement of partial discharge current pulses. Conference Record of the 1998 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation, Arlington, USA, Jun. 7–10, 1998 436-439.

[26] Boltze M, Markalous S M, Bolliger A, Ciprietti O, Chiu J, Gmbh L, . On-line partial discharge monitoring and diagnosis at power cables. 76th Annual Proceeding of Electrical Insulation, 2009

[27] Sarathi R, Giridhar A V, Sethupathi K. Analysis of partial discharge activity by a conducting particle in liquid nitrogen under AC voltages adopting UHF technique. Cryogenics, 2010, 50(1): 43-49.

[28] Shen Z B, Member S. Localization of partial discharges using UHF sensors in power transformers. Conference on Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2006, IEEE, 2006 1-6.

[29] Kemp I J J. Partial discharge plant-monitoring technology: present and future developments. IEE Proceedings Science, Measurement and Technology, 1995, 142(1): 4-10.

[30] Belanger G, Duval M. Monitor for hydrogen dissolved in transformer oil. IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation, 1977, 69(5): 334-340.

[31] Kil G S, Kim I K, Park D W, Choi S Y, Park C Y. Measurements and analysis of the acoustic signals produced by partial discharges in insulation oil. Current Applied Physics, 2009, 9(2): 296-300.

[32] Conference A R, Insulation E, Phenomena D, Engineering H V. Review of partial discharge monitoring techniques used in high voltage equipment. Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena 2008, Quebec, Canada, Oct. 26–29, 2008 400-403.

[33] Macià-Sanahuja C, Lamela H, García-Souto J A. Fiber optic interferometric sensor for acoustic detection of partial discharges. Journal of Optical Technology, 2007, 74(2): 122.

[34] Search H, Journals C, Contact A, Iopscience M, Mater S, Address I P. Extrinsic Fabry-Perot sensor for strain and crack opening displacement measurements from 200 to 900 degrees C. Smart Materials and Structures, 1992, 1(3): 237-242.