PDF
Abstract
Access to psychosocial care is considered a fundamental part of the care for conditions that result in a visible difference, such as cleft lip and palate. At the same time, there is a shortage of trained mental health professionals and structural resources, making it challenging to implement the psychosocial component of care for many healthcare providers worldwide. Therefore, there is a need to find innovative ways to facilitate psychosocial support. This article aims to describe the Cutting Edge Training program that was developed to increase the psychosocial understanding of healthcare professionals who provide care for patients undergoing appearance-altering procedures. The program consists of five modules, with a particular emphasis on social determinants and the impact of living in an appearance-focused society. The developed training program does increase knowledge and awareness of the negative impacts of appearance-related distress and how to improve patient care for those undergoing appearance-altering procedures. Furthermore, it promotes a broader social dialogue about the need to encourage positive attitudes towards diversity in appearance, thus enhancing the future social integration of those who are affected by visible differences.
Keywords
Psychosocial
/
appearance-altering procedures
/
visible differences
/
body image
/
education
/
cleft lip and palate
Cite this article
Download citation ▾
Martin Persson.
Cutting Edge - an innovative psychosocial training program for healthcare professionals who provide appearance-altering procedures.
Plastic and Aesthetic Research, 2023, 10(1): 17 DOI:10.20517/2347-9264.2022.90
| [1] |
World Health Organization. World Mental Health Day 2021 - key messages. Available from: https://www.who.int/key-messages [Last accessed on 20 Apr 2023]
|
| [2] |
World Health Organization. Mental Health Atlas 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240036703 [Last accessed on 20 Apr 2023]
|
| [3] |
Evans-Lacko S,Al-Hamzawi A.Socio-economic variations in the mental health treatment gap for people with anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders: results from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys.Psychol Med2018;48:1560-71 PMCID:PMC6878971
|
| [4] |
Kakuma R,van Ginneken N.Human resources for mental health care: current situation and strategies for action.Lancet2011;378:1654-63
|
| [5] |
World Health Organization. The European Mental Health Action Plan 2013-2020. Copenhagen:WHO Regional Office for Europe;2015. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/175672 [Last accessed on 20 Apr 2023]
|
| [6] |
Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association. Parameters for evaluation and treatment of patients with cleft lip/palate or other craniofacial differences.Cleft Palate Craniofac J2018;55:137-56
|
| [7] |
Williamson H,Bringsén Å.Supporting patients with body dissatisfaction: a survey of the experiences and training needs of european multi-disciplinary healthcare professionals.NursingPlus Open2018;4:8-13
|
| [8] |
Clarke A.Psychosocial rehabilitation after disfiguring injury or disease: investigating the training needs of specialist nurses.J Adv Nurs2001;34:18-26
|
| [9] |
Act Now Consortium. Act now - a training program development for healthcare professionals to use the principles of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) to facilitate patient adjustment to the challenges of living with a visible difference. Available from: https://actnow-erasmusproject.eu [Last accessed on 20 Apr 2023]
|
| [10] |
IHEM consortium. IHEM: improving the long-term outcomes in children with congenital anomalies by implementing an Innovative Health Educational Module for staff in health care and NGO settings. Available from: https://erasmus-plus.ec.europa.eu/projects/search/details/2015-1-SE01-KA202-012291 [Last accessed on 20 Apr 2023]
|
| [11] |
Nicholls W,Tural S.Healthcare providers’ psychosocial support for patients with a cleft: Europe and Australia.J Cleft Lip Palate Craniofac Anomal2017;4:105
|
| [12] |
Lacroix E,Garbett KM.One size does not fit all: trajectories of body image development and their predictors in early adolescence.Dev Psychopathol2022;34:285-94
|
| [13] |
Al Sabbah H,Elgar FJ.Body weight dissatisfaction and communication with parents among adolescents in 24 countries: international cross-sectional survey.BMC Public Health2009;9:52 PMCID:PMC2645388
|
| [14] |
Tiggemann M.Body image across the adult life span: stability and change.Body Image2004;1:29-41
|
| [15] |
Hunt O,Hepper P,Johnston C.Self-reports of psychosocial functioning among children and young adults with cleft lip and palate.Cleft Palate Craniofac J2006;43:598-605
|
| [16] |
Thomas PT,Rumsey N,Sandy JR.Satisfaction with facial appearance among subjects affected by a cleft.Cleft Palate Craniofac J1997;34:226-31
|
| [17] |
Kelly SN.Appearance and speech satisfaction and their associations with psychosocial difficulties among young people with cleft lip and/or palate.Cleft Palate Craniofac J2020;57:1008-17
|
| [18] |
Feragen KB,Kvalem IL.Risk and protective factors at age 16: psychological adjustment in children with a cleft lip and/or palate.Cleft Palate Craniofac J2015;52:555-73
|
| [19] |
Noor SN.Assessment of patients’ level of satisfaction with cleft treatment using the Cleft Evaluation Profile.Cleft Palate Craniofac J2007;44:292-303
|
| [20] |
Semb G,Mølsted K.The Eurocleft study: intercenter study of treatment outcome in patients with complete cleft lip and palate. Part 4: relationship among treatment outcome, patient/parent satisfaction, and the burden of care.Cleft Palate Craniofac J2005;42:83-92
|
| [21] |
Turner SR,Dowell T,Sandy JR.Psychological outcomes amongst cleft patients and their families.Br J Plast Surg1997;50:1-9
|
| [22] |
Barcaccia B,Saliani AM,Mancini F.Dysfunctional eating behaviors, anxiety, and depression in Italian boys and girls: the role of mass media.Braz J Psychiatry2018;40:72-7 PMCID:PMC6899421
|
| [23] |
Klimek P,Brown T,Blashill AJ.Thinness and muscularity internalization: associations with disordered eating and muscle dysmorphia in men.Int J Eat Disord2018;51:352-7
|
| [24] |
Halliwell E.Influence of the media. In: N. The Oxford handbook of the psychology of appearance. Oxford: Oxford University Press;2012.p.217-38.
|
| [25] |
Rounsefell K,McLean S.Social media, body image and food choices in healthy young adults: a mixed methods systematic review.Nutr Diet2020;77:19-40 PMCID:PMC7384161
|
| [26] |
Saiphoo AN.A meta-analytic review of the relationship between social media use and body image disturbance.Comput Hum Behav2019;101:259-75
|
| [27] |
Paraskeva N.Media, marketing and mass advertising: managing patient expectations.JAN2015;4:236-7
|
| [28] |
Crandall Sharp A. The relationship between body dissatisfaction and cosmetic enhancement surgery. 2018. Available from: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5455/ [Last accessed on 20 Apr 2023]
|
| [29] |
Pertschuk MJ,Wadden TA.Body image dissatisfaction in male cosmetic surgery patients.Aesthetic Plast Surg1998;22:20-4
|
| [30] |
Walker CE,Dayan S.Effects of social media use on desire for cosmetic surgery among young women.Curr Psychol2021;40:3355-64
|
| [31] |
Paxton SJ,Hannan PJ.Body dissatisfaction prospectively predicts depressive mood and low self-esteem in adolescent girls and boys.J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol2006;35:539-49
|
| [32] |
Sharpe H,Choo TH.Bidirectional associations between body dissatisfaction and depressive symptoms from adolescence through early adulthood.Dev Psychopathol2018;30:1447-58 PMCID:PMC6343674
|
| [33] |
Vannucci A.Body image dissatisfaction and anxiety trajectories during adolescence.J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol2018;47:785-95 PMCID:PMC6072626
|
| [34] |
Bornioli A,Smith A,Bray I.Adolescent body dissatisfaction and disordered eating: predictors of later risky health behaviours.Soc Sci Med2019;238:112458
|
| [35] |
Griffiths S,Bentley C,Harrison C.Sex differences in quality of life impairment associated with body dissatisfaction in adolescents.J Adolesc Health2017;61:77-82
|
| [36] |
Brunton G,Caird J.Psychosocial predictors, assessment, and outcomes of cosmetic procedures: a systematic rapid evidence assessment.Aesthetic Plast Surg2014;38:1030-40
|
| [37] |
Honigman RJ,Castle DJ.A review of psychosocial outcomes for patients seeking cosmetic surgery.Plast Reconstr Surg2004;113:1229-37 PMCID:PMC1762095
|
| [38] |
Persson M,Khater R.Cutting edge training: upskilling health professionals in psychological care for patients undergoing appearance-altering procedures.JAN2018;7:522-9
|
| [39] |
Stock NM,Magee L.Facilitating positive psychosocial outcomes in craniofacial team care: strategies for medical providers.Cleft Palate Craniofac J2020;57:333-43
|
| [40] |
Pedersen DA,Murray JC.Psychiatric diagnoses in individuals with non-syndromic oral clefts: a danish population-based cohort study.PLoS One2016;11:e0156261 PMCID:PMC4880322
|
| [41] |
Tillman KK,Höijer J.Increased risk for neurodevelopmental disorders in children with orofacial clefts.J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry2018;57:876-83
|
| [42] |
Khoshab N,Kadakia N,Chase L.Newly identified developmental delays in a large population of children with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate.Plast Reconstr Surg (Global Open)2021;9:50-1
|
| [43] |
Pedersen DA,Wehby GL.Use of psychotropic medications and visits to psychiatrists and psychologists among individuals with nonsyndromic oral clefts: a population-based cohort study.Birth Defects Res2017;109:824-35 PMCID:PMC5568049
|
| [44] |
Nilsson S,Lyberg-Åhlander V.Psychotropic drug use in adolescents born with an orofacial cleft: a population-based study.BMJ Open2015;5:e005306 PMCID:PMC4390737
|
| [45] |
Sharratt ND,Davies G,Hagell P.Equality in cleft and craniofacial care.Plast Aesthet Res2020;7:35
|
| [46] |
Bambra C. Health Divides: where you live can kill you. Policy Press; 2016. Available from: https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/230487 [Last accessed on 20 Apr 2023]
|
| [47] |
Bævre K. Life expectancy in Norway. In: Norwegian Institute of Public Health; 2018. Available from: https://www.fhi.no/en/op/hin/population/life-expectancy/ [Last accessed on 20 Apr 2023]
|
| [48] |
Baccolini V,Di Paolo C.What is the prevalence of low health literacy in european union member states?.J Gen Intern Med2021;36:753-61 PMCID:PMC7947142
|
| [49] |
World Health Organization. Health literacy: The solid facts. Copenhagen:World Health Organization;2013. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/326432 [Last accessed on 20 Apr 2023]
|
| [50] |
Eurostat. Population by educational attainment level and selected age groups, 2021 (% of the respective age population). In: Eurostat; 2022. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=File:Population_by_educational_attainment_level_and_selected_age_groups,_2021_(%25_of_the_respective_age_population).png [Last accessed on 20 Apr 2023]
|
| [51] |
OECD Centre for Opportunity and Equality. Understanding the socio-economic divide in Europe: background report. In. Paris: OECD Publishing; 2017. Available from: https://www.oecd.org/els/soc/cope-divide-europe-2017-background-report.pdf [Last accessed on 20 Apr 2023]
|
| [52] |
Tang C,Chen X,Yang X.Examining income-related inequality in health literacy and health-information seeking among urban population in China.BMC Public Health2019;19:221 PMCID:PMC6385413
|
| [53] |
Kutner M,Jin Y. The health literacy of america’s adults: results from the 2003 national assessment of adult literacy. NCES 2006-483. National Center for education statistics, 2006. Available from: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ed493284 [Last accessed on 20 Apr 2023]
|
| [54] |
Knighton AJ,Savitz ST.Detecting Risk of Low Health Literacy in Disadvantaged Populations Using Area-based Measures.EGEMS2017;5:7 PMCID:PMC5994951
|
| [55] |
Eurostat. Migrant integration statistics - at risk of poverty and social exclusion. In: Eurostat; 2022. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Migrant_integration_statistics_-_at_risk_of_poverty_and_social_exclusion&oldid=557662 [Last accessed on 20 Apr 2023]
|
| [56] |
Shaw SJ,Armin J,Vivian J.The role of culture in health literacy and chronic disease screening and management.J Immigrant Minority Health2009;11:531-531
|
| [57] |
Sentell T.Low health literacy, limited English proficiency, and health status in Asians, Latinos, and other racial/ethnic groups in California.J Health Commun2012;17 Suppl 3:82-99 PMCID:PMC3552496
|
| [58] |
Eurostat. Migration and migrant population statistics. In: Eurostat; 2022. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Migration_and_migrant_population_statistics#Migrant_population:_23.7_million_non-EU_citizens_living_in_the_EU_on_1_January_2021 [Last accessed on 20 Apr 2023]
|
| [59] |
Ngoh LN.Health literacy: a barrier to pharmacist-patient communication and medication adherence.J Am Pharm Assoc (2003)2009;49:e132-46;quiz e147
|
| [60] |
Griffey RT,D’Agostino McGowan L,Kaphingst KA.Is low health literacy associated with increased emergency department utilization and recidivism?.Acad Emerg Med2014;21:1109-15 PMCID:PMC4626077
|
| [61] |
Bostock S.Association between low functional health literacy and mortality in older adults: longitudinal cohort study.BMJ2012;344:e1602 PMCID:PMC3307807
|
| [62] |
DeWalt DA.Health literacy and child health outcomes: a systematic review of the literature.Pediatrics2009;124 Suppl 3:S265-74
|
| [63] |
DeWalt DA,Rosenthal MS.Low parental literacy is associated with worse asthma care measures in children.Ambul Pediatr2007;7:25-31 PMCID:PMC1797805
|
| [64] |
Park A,Zaso MJ.Associations between health literacy and health behaviors among urban high school students.J Sch Health2017;87:885-93 PMCID:PMC5669371
|
| [65] |
Chang LC.Health literacy, self-reported status and health promoting behaviours for adolescents in Taiwan.J Clin Nurs2011;20:190-6
|
| [66] |
Bell JC,Turner R.School performance for children with cleft lip and palate: a population-based study.Child Care Health Dev2017;43:222-31
|
| [67] |
Goodwin JW,Ansley T.Arithmetical calculation and related neuropsychological skills in subjects with isolated oral clefts.Neuropsychology2017;31:834-41 PMCID:PMC5629098
|
| [68] |
Knight J,Meyer RE.Academic outcomes of children with isolated orofacial clefts compared with children without a major birth defect.Cleft Palate Craniofac J2015;52:259-68 PMCID:PMC4516122
|
| [69] |
Nopoulos P,VanDemark D,Canady J.Cognitive dysfunction in adult males with non-syndromic clefts of the lip and/or palate.Neuropsychologia2002;40:2178-84
|
| [70] |
Persson M,Conrad AL.Female and male differences in academic achievement in individuals with cleft: a population-based register study.Cleft Palate Craniofac J2018;55:196-203 PMCID:PMC6698897
|
| [71] |
Persson M,Svensson H.General intellectual capacity of young men with cleft lip with or without cleft palate and cleft palate alone.Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg2008;42:14-6
|
| [72] |
Richman LC,Conrad AL.Neuropsychological, behavioral, and academic sequelae of cleft: early developmental, school age, and adolescent/young adult outcomes.Cleft Palate Craniofac J2012;49:387-96 PMCID:PMC3408555
|
| [73] |
Watkins SE,Meyer RE,Marcus JR.Special education use in elementary school by children with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts.Birth Defects Res2019;111:142-50
|
| [74] |
Watkins SE,Aylsworth AS.Academic achievement among children with nonsyndromic orofacial clefts : a population-based study.Cleft Palate Craniofac J2018;55:12-20
|
| [75] |
Wehby GL,Barron S,Ansley TN.Academic achievement of children and adolescents with oral clefts.Pediatrics2014;133:785-92 PMCID:PMC4006437
|
| [76] |
Yazdy MM,Honein MA.Use of special education services by children with orofacial clefts.Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol2008;82:147-54
|
| [77] |
Park MH. Educational attainment among children with non-syndromic clefts: a longitudinal study. In. 14th International Cleft Congress. Edinburgh; 2022. Available from: https://www.ed.ac.uk/usher/news-events/news-2022/14th-international-cleft-congress [Last accessed on 20 Apr 2023]
|
| [78] |
Glinianaia SV,Moffat M,Armaroli A.Academic achievement and needs of school-aged children born with selected congenital anomalies: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Birth Defects Res2021;113:1431-62 PMCID:PMC9298217
|
| [79] |
Marmot M,Goldblatt P,McNeish D,Geddes I. Fair Society, healthy lives: the marmot review (strategic review of health inequalities in England Post-2010). In; 2010. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/research-for-development-outputs/fair-society-healthy-lives-the-marmot-review-strategic-review-of-health-inequalities-in-england-post-2010#contents [Last accessed on 20 Apr 2023]
|
| [80] |
Mazmanian PE,Galbraith R.American College of Chest Physicians Health and Science Policy CommitteeContinuing medical education effect on clinical outcomes: effectiveness of continuing medical education: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Educational Guidelines.Chest2009;135:49S-55S
|
| [81] |
Oyler J,Arora V.Teaching internal medicine residents quality improvement techniques using the ABIM's practice improvement modules.J Gen Intern Med2008;23:927-30 PMCID:PMC2517947
|
| [82] |
Tess AV,Smith CC,Bates CK.Combining clinical microsystems and an experiential quality improvement curriculum to improve residency education in internal medicine.Acad Med2009;84:326-34
|
| [83] |
Thomson O'Brien MA,Oxman AD,Davis DA.Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes (Cochrane review).J Contin Educ Health Prof2001;21:187-8
|
| [84] |
Tomolo AM,Aron DC.A case study of translating ACGME practice-based learning and improvement requirements into reality: systems quality improvement projects as the key component to a comprehensive curriculum.Postgrad Med J2009;85:530-7
|
| [85] |
World Health Organization. Advocacy, communication and social mobilization for TB control: a guide to developing knowledge, attitude and practice surveys:World Health Organization;2008. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/43790 [Last accessed on 20 Apr 2023]
|
| [86] |
Clarke A. Cutting edge training - external evaluation report. In. Unpublished independent report; 2020.Available from: http://triskelionnorway.org/cutting-edge-training-meeting-in-padova-italy/ [Last accessed on 20 Apr 2023]
|
| [87] |
Phillips KA.Body dysmorphic disorder. A guide for dermatologists and cosmetic surgeons.Am J Clin Dermatol2000;1:235-43
|
| [88] |
Polo M.Body dysmorphic disorder: a screening guide for orthodontists.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop2011;139:170-3
|
| [89] |
Levinson W,Tricco AC.A systematic review of surgeon-patient communication: strengths and opportunities for improvement.Patient Educ Couns2013;93:3-17
|
| [90] |
Dulmen AM,Tricco AC.Gender differences in gynecologist communication.Women Health2000;30:49-61
|
| [91] |
Levinson W,Lamb J.A study of patient clues and physician responses in primary care and surgical settings.JAMA2000;284:1021-7
|
| [92] |
Rumsey N.Oxford handbook of the psychology of appearance:OUP Oxford;2012.
|
| [93] |
Rumsey NJ.Part of the problem or part of the solution?.Australas J Plast Surg2018;1:74-84
|