RIG-I: a multifunctional protein beyond a pattern recognition receptor
Received date: 17 Apr 2017
Accepted date: 16 May 2017
Published date: 25 Mar 2018
Copyright
It was widely known that retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) functions as a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor that initiates innate antiviral immunity by detecting exogenous viral RNAs. However, recent studies showed that RIG-I participates in other various cellular activities by sensing endogenous RNAs under different circumstances. For example, RIG-I facilitates the therapy resistance and expansion of breast cancer cells and promotes T cell-independent B cell activation through interferon signaling activation by recognizing non-coding RNAs and endogenous retroviruses in certain situations. While in hepatocellular carcinoma and acute myeloid leukemia, RIG-I acts as a tumor suppressor through either augmenting STAT1 activation by competitively binding STAT1 against its negative regulator SHP1 or inhibiting AKT-mTOR signaling pathway by directly interacting with Src respectively. These new findings suggest that RIG-I plays more diverse roles in various cellular life activities, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, than previously known. Taken together, the function of RIG-I exceeds far beyond that of a pattern recognition receptor.
Key words: RIG-I; viral RNA; endogenous RNA; immunity; cancer
Xiao-xiao Xu , Han Wan , Li Nie , Tong Shao , Li-xin Xiang , Jian-zhong Shao . RIG-I: a multifunctional protein beyond a pattern recognition receptor[J]. Protein & Cell, 2018 , 9(3) : 246 -253 . DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0431-5
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