[1] Boyer, L.A., Lee, T.I., Cole, M.F., Johnstone, S.E., Levine, S.S., Zucker, J.P., Guenther, M.G., Kumar, R.M., Murray, H.L., Jenner, R.G.,
. (2005). Core transcriptional regulatory circuitry in human embryonic stem cells.
Cell 122, 947-956 .
10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.020[2] Burdon, T., Stracey, C., Chambers, I., Nichols, J., and Smith, A. (1999). Suppression of SHP-2 and ERK signalling promotes self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells.
Dev Biol 210, 30-43 .
10.1006/dbio.1999.9265[3] Chang, H., Huylebroeck, D., Verschueren, K., Guo, Q., Matzuk, M.M., and Zwijsen, A. (1999). Smad5 knockout mice die at mid-gestation due to multiple embryonic and extraembryonic defects.
Development 126, 1631-1642 .
[4] Christie, G.R., Williams, D.J., Macisaac, F., Dickinson, R.J., Rosewell, I., and Keyse, S.M. (2005). The dual-specificity protein phosphatase DUSP9/MKP-4 is essential for placental function but is not required for normal embryonic development.
Mol Cell Biol 25, 8323-8333 .
10.1128/MCB.25.18.8323-8333.2005[5] Fei, T., Xia, K., Li, Z., Zhou, B., Zhu, S., Chen, H., Zhang, J., Chen, Z., Xiao, H., Han, J.D.,
. (2010). Genome-wide mapping of SMAD target genes reveals the role of BMP signaling in embryonic stem cell fate determination.
Genome Res 20, 36-44 .
10.1101/gr.092114.109[6] Feng, X.H., and Derynck, R. (2005). Specificity and versatility in tgf-beta signaling through Smads.
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 21, 659-693 .
10.1146/annurev.cellbio.21.022404.142018[7] Fong, Y.W., Inouye, C., Yamaguchi, T., Cattoglio, C., Grubisic, I., and Tjian, R. (2011). A DNA repair complex functions as an Oct4/Sox2 coactivator in embryonic stem cells.
Cell 147, 120-131 .
10.1016/j.cell.2011.08.038[8] Kolch, W. (2005). Coordinating ERK/MAPK signalling through scaffolds and inhibitors.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6, 827-837 .
10.1038/nrm1743[9] Kunath, T., Saba-El-Leil, M.K., Almousailleakh, M., Wray, J., Meloche, S., and Smith, A. (2007). FGF stimulation of the Erk1/2 signalling cascade triggers transition of pluripotent embryonic stem cells from self-renewal to lineage commitment.
Development 134, 2895-2902 .
10.1242/dev.02880[10] Li, Z., Fei, T., Zhang, J., Zhu, G., Wang, L., Lu, D., Chi, X., Teng, Y., Hou, N., Yang, X.,
. (2012). BMP4 Signaling Acts via dual-specificity phosphatase 9 to control ERK activity in mouse embryonic stem cells.
Cell Stem Cell 10, 171-182 .
10.1016/j.stem.2011.12.016[11] Massagué, J., and Chen, Y.G. (2000). Controlling TGF-beta signaling.
Genes Dev 14, 627-644 .
[12] Orkin, S.H., and Hochedlinger, K. (2011). Chromatin connections to pluripotency and cellular reprogramming.
Cell 145, 835-850 .
10.1016/j.cell.2011.05.019[13] Owens, D.M., and Keyse, S.M. (2007). Differential regulation of MAP kinase signalling by dual-specificity protein phosphatases.
Oncogene 26, 3203-3213 .
10.1038/sj.onc.1210412[14] Passier, R., van Laake, L.W., and Mummery, C.L. (2008). Stem-cell-based therapy and lessons from the heart.
Nature 453, 322-329 .
10.1038/nature07040[15] Pera, M.F., and Tam, P.P. (2010). Extrinsic regulation of pluripotent stem cells.
Nature 465, 713-720 .
10.1038/nature09228[16] Qi, X., Li, T.G., Hao, J., Hu, J., Wang, J., Simmons, H., Miura, S., Mishina, Y., and Zhao, G.Q. (2004). BMP4 supports self-renewal of embryonic stem cells by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101, 6027-6032 .
10.1073/pnas.0401367101[17] Sirard, C., de la Pompa, J.L., Elia, A., Itie, A., Mirtsos, C., Cheung, A., Hahn, S., Wakeham, A., Schwartz, L., Kern, S.E.,
. (1998). The tumor suppressor gene Smad4/Dpc4 is required for gastrulation and later for anterior development of the mouse embryo.
Genes Dev 12, 107-119 .
10.1101/gad.12.1.107[18] Smith, A.G. (2001). Embryo-derived stem cells: of mice and men.
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 17, 435-462 .
10.1146/annurev.cellbio.17.1.435[19] Yang, X., Li, C., Xu, X., and Deng, C. (1998). The tumor suppressor SMAD4/DPC4 is essential for epiblast proliferation and mesoderm induction in mice.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95, 3667-3672 .
10.1073/pnas.95.7.3667[20] Ying, Q.L., Nichols, J., Chambers, I., and Smith, A. (2003a). BMP induction of Id proteins suppresses differentiation and sustains embryonic stem cell self-renewal in collaboration with STAT3.
Cell 115, 281-292 .
10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00847-X[21] Ying, Q.L., Stavridis, M., Griffiths, D., Li, M., and Smith, A. (2003b). Conversion of embryonic stem cells into neuroectodermal precursors in adherent monoculture.
Nat Biotechnol 21, 183-186 .
10.1038/nbt780[22] Ying, Q.L., Wray, J., Nichols, J., Batlle-Morera, L., Doble, B., Woodgett, J., Cohen, P., and Smith, A. (2008). The ground state of embryonic stem cell self-renewal.
Nature 453, 519-523 .
10.1038/nature06968[23] Yoshida-Koide, U., Matsuda, T., Saikawa, K., Nakanuma, Y., Yokota, T., Asashima, M., and Koide, H. (2004). Involvement of Ras in extraembryonic endoderm differentiation of embryonic stem cells.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 313, 475-481 .
10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.11.138[24] Young, R.A. (2011). Control of the embryonic stem cell state.
Cell 144, 940-954 .
10.1016/j.cell.2011.01.032[25] Zhang, K., Li, L., Huang, C., Shen, C., Tan, F., Xia, C., Liu, P., Rossant, J., and Jing, N. (2010). Distinct functions of BMP4 during different stages of mouse ES cell neural commitment.
Development 137, 2095-2105 .
10.1242/dev.049494