Intestinal organoids: Reshaping the paradigm of inflammatory bowel disease research and therapy

Abstract

The advent of intestinal organoid technology has brought a revolutionary breakthrough to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) research, enabling more precise in vitro simulation of human intestinal physiology and pathology. This article systematically reviews the latest advances in the application of intestinal organoid technology to IBD research. First, we introduce technological innovations such as synthetic hydrogels, microfluidic organ-on-a-chip systems, and polarity-reversal culture. These approaches overcome limitations of traditional two-dimensional cultures and greatly expand the applicability of organoid models. Second, we focus on research utilizing patient-derived organoids to unveil novel mechanisms of IBD pathogenesis, highlighting their unique advantages in dissecting intrinsic epithelial defects (e.g., impaired barrier function, abnormal mucus secretion) and dynamically simulating host-microbe interactions. Furthermore, we highlight clinical translation: high-throughput drug screening for personalized medicine and organoid transplantation for mucosal regeneration. Finally, we summarize current challenges regarding standardization, vascularization, and immune microenvironment reconstruction of organoids, and discuss their broad prospects for driving innovation in IBD diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Keywords

Intestinal organoids / Inflammatory bowel disease / Intrinsic epithelial defects / Mucosa-microbiota interaction / Drug screening / Regenerative medicine

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