Temperature-insensitive sensor for glucose brix measurement based on compact spindle-shaped structure with two-mode fiber

Abstract

A temperature-insensitive sensor for glucose brix measurement based on compact spindle-shaped structure with two-mode fiber (TMF) is proposed. Due to the bending of optical fiber caused by flame baking, some of the light energy transmitted in the core leaks into the cladding area as an evanescent wave, which excites the higher-order cladding mode of the sensor. The experimental results show that when the length of TMF is 3 cm and the bending diameter is 4 mm, the maximum glucose brix sensitivity of the sensor is 0.368 nm/% from 0 to 21%. The sensor is insensitive to temperature from 10 °C to 50 °C, which can avoid the problem of temperature cross-sensitivity. A compact spindle-shaped sensor is a potential effective sensor with a simple structure, easy fabrication and low cost. The sensor can be used to detect glucose content in areas such as crops quality assessment and the research of pharmacy and bioengineering.

References

[1] LEIX Q, XUY C, YUY T, et al.. Fiber in-line magnetic field sensor based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer integrated with magnetic fluid[J]. Optoelectronics letters, 2019, 15(1):43-47

[2] JIANGY, WANGT, LIUC, et al.. Simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature with high sensitivity based on a multipath fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer[J]. Applied optics, 2019, 58(15):4085-4090

[3] LVR, LIJ, HUH, et al.. Miniature refractive index fiber sensor based on silica micro-tube and Au micro-sphere[J]. Optical materials, 2017, 72: 661-665

[4] JIAC G, JIAB, HUANGT, et al.. High sensitivity relative humidity sensor based on SMTF structure coated with gelatin[J]. Microwave and optical technology letters, 2020, 62(11):3432-3437

[5] WANGW, TAOC Y, GUZ D, et al.. Sagnac fiber interferometer with the population grating for fiber Bragg grating dynamic strain sensing[J]. Optoelectronics letters, 2021, 17(12):723-728

[6] LIUY, LIY, YANX, et al.. High refractive index liquid level measurement via coreless multimode fiber[J]. IEEE photonics technology letters, 2015, 27(20):2111-2114

[7] LIUX, ZHAOY, LVR Q, et al.. High sensitivity balloon-like interferometer for refractive index and temperature measurement[J]. IEEE photonics technology letters, 2016, 28(13):1485-1488

[8] ZHAOJ, ZHAOY, LVR Q, et al.. Simultaneous measurement of temperature and pressure based on ring-shaped sensing structure with polymer coated no-core fiber[J]. IEEE sensors journal, 2021, 21(20):22783-22791

[9] ZHANGX, PENGW. Fiber optic refractometer based on leaky-mode interference of bent fiber[J]. IEEE photonics technology letters, 2015, 27(1):11-14

[10] DONGJ, SANGM, WANGS, et al.. Ultrasensitive label-free biosensor based on the graphene-oxide-coated-U-bent long-period fiber grating inscribed in a two-mode fiber[J]. Journal of lightwave technology, 2020, 39(12):4013-4019

[11] TIANK, FARRELLG, YANGW, et al.. Simultaneous measurement of displacement and temperature based on a balloon-shaped bent SMF structure incorporating an LPG[J]. Journal of lightwave technology, 2018, 36(20):4960-4966

[12] TIANK, FARRELLG, WANGX, et al.. Highly sensitive displacement sensor based on composite interference established within a balloon-shaped bent multimode fiber structure[J]. Applied optics, 2018, 57(32):9662-9668

[13] LIUX, ZHAOY, LVR Q, et al.. Enhancement of RI sensitivity through bending a tapered-SMF-based balloon-like interferometer[J]. Journal of lightwave technology, 2016, 34(14):3293-3299

[14] LOKMANA, AROFH, HARUNS W. Dumbbell shaped inline Mach-Zehnder interferometer for glucose detection[J]. Measurement, 2015, 59: 167-170

[15] JIANGB Q, ZHANGK M, WANGC L, et al.. Label-free glucose biosensor based on enzymatic graphene oxide-functionalized tilted fiber grating[J]. Sensors and actuators B, 2018, 254: 1033-1039

[16] WANGF, WANGR, WANGX, et al.. Three-core fiber cascade asymmetric dual-taper robust structure for the simultaneous measurement of a mass concentration of a glucose solution and temperature[J]. Optics communications, 2020, 461: 125227

[17] SCHERMERR T, COLEJ H. Improved bend loss formula verified for optical fiber by simulation and experiment[J]. IEEE journal of quantum electronics, 2007, 43(10):899-909

[18] HARRISJ, LUP, XUY, et al.. Highly sensitive in-fiber interferometric refractometer with temperature and axial strain compensation[J]. Optics express, 2013, 21: 9996-10009