Fiber laser twist sensor with hybrid few-mode tilt Bragg grating and few-mode long period grating

Abstract

A twist sensor with hybrid few-mode tilted fiber Bragg grating (FM-TFBG) and few-mode long period grating (FM-LPG) in fiber laser cavity is demonstrated. The FM-LPG is utilized to excite LP₁₁ core mode. The FM-TFBG is used for sensing. The transverse modes at 1 553.9 nm and 1 550.5 nm are LP₀1 and LP₂₁ core modes, respectively, which are coupled from forward-propagating LP₁₁ core mode. These two excitation wavelengths have opposite variation tendencies, which participate in sensing. The twist sensitivity of 0.16 dB/° from -40° to 40° is achieved. The proposed sensor has potentially used for structure monitoring in many areas.

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