Protonation effect on the nonlinear absorption, nonlinear refraction and optical limiting properties of tetraphenylporphyrin

Abstract

Nonlinear optical properties of tetraphenylporphyrin (H²TPP) and protonated tetraphenylporphyrin (H₄TPP²⁺) in toluene were investigated by Z-scan technique using a nanosecond laser with 5 ns pulse at 532 nm. Results show that H₄TPP²⁺ exhibits weaker nonlinear refraction but enhanced reverse saturable absorption (RSA) and optical limiting performance in comparison with pristine H₂TPP. Since no nonlinear scattering is observed in H₄TPP²⁺ under low input fluence, and H₄TPP²⁺ exhibits weaker nonlinear scattering signals than H₂TPP under high input fluence, the enhancement of RSA and optical limiting performance can be attributed to the larger ratio of excited state absorption cross-section to that of the ground state of H₄TPP²⁺. H₄TPP²⁺ also exhibits superior optical limiting performance, even better than the benchmark RSA material C₆₀.

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