Presence and characterisation of extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Gram-negative bacteria obtained from water in selected storage tanks

Abstract

Objective: To detect the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria in water from selected storage tanks in Ogun State, Nigeria.
Methods: MacConkey agar supplemented with 6 µg/mL of cefotaxime was used to isolate bacteria. Pure isolates were identified through PCR amplification. The susceptibility patterns of the isolates to ceftazidime (30 µg/mL), amoxicillin/clavulanate (30 µg/mL), tetracycline (30 µg/mL), cefotaxime (30 µg/mL), cefpodoxime (10 µg/mL), and ciprofloxacin (5 µg/mL) were evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, while the identification of beta-lactamase production was performed using the double disc synergy test.
Results: A total of 19 isolates belonging to four genera ( Citrobacter, Pseudomonas, Escherichia, and Serratia) were obtained from the ten water samples. Escherichia coli and Citrobacter spp. had the highest presence (30.0%). The antibiotic with highest resistance was observed to be cefpodoxime (100%) followed by amoxicillin/clavulanate (89.5%) and cefotaxime (89.5%), the least was noted with tetracycline (31.6%). Additionally, 10 (52.6%) out of the 19 isolates showed beta-lactamase-producing phenotypic properties with high resistance to cefpodoxime (100%), amoxicillin/clavulanate (100%) and ceftazidime (90.0%). Additionally, this study showed the link between bacterial strains identified by 16S rRNA and related human diseases, highlighting the importance of genetic identification in managing infections.
Conclusions: This study highlights the prevalence of beta-lactam-resistant bacteria, emphasizing the urgent need for proactive measures to address this issue.

Keywords

Antibiotic resistance / Gram-negative bacteria / Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase / Water

Conflict of interest statement

The authors claim there is no conflict of interest.

Funding

This study receives no extramural funding.

Data availability statement

The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

Authors’ contributions

Olajide OE and Nwadike BI conceptualized the study, designed the experimental frame work; Oluwole AP and Omotosho O performed the laboratory experiments and contributed to the data collection. Nwadike BI and Oladide EO were involved in data analysis, preliminary draft and critical review of the manuscript. All authors read, revised and approved the final manuscript.

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