Chemical and biological controls and soil amendments for plant-parasitic nematode management

Abstract

Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) cause substantial economic losses globally, presenting critical challenges to sustainable agriculture. While chemical nematicides offer short-term solutions, their environmental and health risks, including adverse effects on nontarget organisms and soil ecosystems, necessitate the development of eco-friendly alternatives. This review examines chemical and biological approaches to nematode control with a focus on bacterial, fungal, and plant-derived biocontrol agents, as well as the integration of organic and inorganic soil amendments. These strategies not only manage PPNs but also improve soil structure, fertility, and microbial activity, fostering soil health as the cornerstone of global food security. By synthesizing advancements in nematode management, this review aims to promote sustainable agricultural practices and inspire further research into innovative and effective solutions.

Keywords

biocontrol / nematicides / nematode management / soil amendments

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