Low-Carbon Economic Dispatch for Offshore Wind-Solar Grid-Connected Systems Considering Source-Load Uncertainty and Carbon Emission Flow

Abstract

Marine are endowed with abundant renewable resources such as wind and solar energy. The rational utilization of these resources through offshore wind turbines and photovoltaic plays a vital role in achieving energy conservation and emission reduction for marine energy systems. However, the challenges of grid integration and prominent uncertainties caused by large-scale penetration of offshore wind and photovoltaic (PV) energy into marine power systems severely threaten power balance, operational stability, and reserve allocation. To pursue low-carbon economic operation and collaboratively address source-load uncertainties in marine energy systems, this paper proposes a low-carbon economic dispatch model for offshore wind-PV grid-connected systems that considers source-load uncertainties and carbon emission flow (CEF). A bi-level optimization framework is adopted. The upper level establishes a unit output optimization model to handle source-load uncertainties via fuzzy chance-constrained programming, which converts the uncertain problem into a deterministic equivalent under a predefined confidence level, with the objective of minimizing the total operation cost and carbon cost. The lower level constructs a load response model incorporating CEF theory and carbon trading mechanisms to optimize load allocation, thereby achieving coordinated reductions in carbon emissions and carbon-related costs. Finally, the modified IEEE 57-node system is employed for case studies, and the proposed model is solved and validated using the CPLEX solver. The results demonstrate that the presented method can effectively mitigate the adverse impacts of offshore renewable energy fluctuations, enhance the stability and low-carbon economy of marine power systems, and provide a feasible dispatch solution for large-scale grid integration of offshore wind and PV energy.

Keywords

Marine renewable energy / Low-carbon economic dispatch / Source-load uncertainty / Carbon emission flow / Demand response / Fuzzy opportunity constrained planning

Author Contributions

Q.G.: Writing—review & editing, Project administration, Formal analysis. L.G.: Writing—review & editing, Writing—original draft, Visualization, Software, Methodology. Z.M.: Writing—review & editing, Resources, Data curation. Q.C.: Writing—review & editing, Data curation. S.S.: Writing—review & editing, Supervision, Methodology. J.L.: Writing—review & editing, Methodology, Visualization, Software. Y.J.: Writing—review & editing, Methodology.

Ethics Statement

Not applicable for studies not involving humans or animals.

Informed Consent Statement

Not applicable for studies not involving humans.

Data Availability Statement

Data will be made available on request.

Funding

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (No. 24JCYBJC00280).

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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