Vascular calcification is highly associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite its clinical severity, no effective therapies exist to halt its progression. Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic target for vascular calcification. Our prior work demonstrated that SIRT6 activation inhibits vascular calcification by attenuating the osteogenic trans differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). While the natural compound cyanidin can activate SIRT6, its clinical translation is hampered by poor bioavailability and the absence of targeted delivery systems. To address this, we developed a dual targeting nanoplatform (TROC) based on Ti₃C₂ nanosheets co-assembled with osteocalcin (OCN) and RANKL antibodies for the targeted delivery of cyanidin. Leveraging data from the Framingham Heart Study offspring cohort and in vitro VSMC models, we first established dietary anthocyanins as an independent protective factor against aortic calcification. We then demonstrated that TROC exhibits excellent stability and dose-dependently reduces calcium deposition in VSMCs. Furthermore, in vivo fluorescence and computed tomography (CT) multimodal imaging confirmed the selective accumulation of TROC at calcification sites and its efficacy in alleviating vascular calcification. This novel drug delivery system represents a promising strategy for advancing the clinical treatment of Vascular calcification.

The intratumoral microbiome has emerged as a critical component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), playing a significant role in tumorigenesis, pathological classification, metastasis, and prognosis. The nutrient-rich, hypoxic, acidic, and immunosuppressive nature of the TME facilitates the establishment of diverse intratumoral microbiome communities. In turn, the intratumoral microbiome further contributes to the formation of cold TME through mechanisms such as genetic and epigenetic alterations, pro-inflammatory responses, immune modulation, tumor metastasis, and enhanced drug resistance. Targeting and eliminating the intratumoral microbiome using nanotechnology presents a unique therapeutic strategy for overcoming chemotherapy resistance and improving the immunosuppressive TME. This review summarizes the microbial characteristics of various tumors and microbiome-mediated oncogenic mechanisms, with particular emphasis on recent advancements in nanotechnology aimed at eliminating the intratumoral microbiome and reprogramming the cold TME, thereby enhancing the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. Our aim is to provide valuable insights to strengthen the effectiveness of tumor immunotherapy.

Lina Papadimitriou, Maria Graigkioti, Eirini, Konstantinos Pagonidis, Yannis Papaharilaou, Anthi Ranella, and Alexandros Lappas. MedComm – Biomaterials and Applications 2025; 4:e70030; pages 1–13.

In the FIRST page, an AUTHOR's name needs attention. Namely:

The text: “Eirini Koutsouroubi¹” is incorrect. This should have read as: “Eirini D. Koutsouroubi¹”.

In the FIRST page, under the AFFILIATIONS, the following need correction. Namely:

First affiliation, the text: “¹Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece” is incorrect. This should have read as: “Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece”.

Third affiliation, the text: “³Knossos Diagnosis Medical Centre, Department of Medical Imaging, Knossos Diagnosis Medical Centre, Heraklion, Crete, Greece” is incorrect. This should have read as: “Department of Medical Imaging, Knossos Diagnosis Medical Centre, Heraklion, Crete, Greece”.

Fourth affiliation, the text: “⁴Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece” is incorrect. This should have read as: “Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece”.

In the FIRST page, in the ABSTRACT section, the following need correction. Namely:

Lines 4 and 5 from the top, the text “Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy TEM confirmed” is incorrect. This should have read as “Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed”

We apologize for these errors.

Cellulose-based nanocomposites have emerged as sustainable and versatile biomaterials with promising applications in drug delivery and antimicrobial therapy. Nanocellulose, derived from plant, algal, or bacterial sources, possesses unique features such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical robustness, and low cytotoxicity. The primary forms of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) exhibit distinct structural and functional advantages suitable for biomedical applications. Despite these advances, a comprehensive synthesis of their fabrication strategies, functional modifications, and biomedical performance is lacking. This review discusses recent innovations in the design and development of cellulose-based nanocomposites, highlighting advanced fabrication techniques including electrospinning, enzymatic functionalization, self-assembly, and surface modification. We discussed their high surface-to-volume ratio, tunable degradation kinetics, and extracellular matrix-mimicking architecture, which enhance their performance as scaffolds for tissue engineering and carriers for controlled and targeted drug delivery. Additionally, their intrinsic antibacterial activity, coupled with biocompatibility, positions them as safer alternatives to metallic nanoparticles. Emerging applications in wound healing, bone and cartilage regeneration, 3D-printed biomaterials, and medical implants are critically evaluated. By integrating material design, functionalization, and therapeutic applications, this review provides valuable insights into the potential of cellulose-based nanocomposites as multifunctional platforms for sustained drug delivery, infection control, and next-generation biomedical interventions.