Chinese clinical practice guidelines for pediatric split liver transplantation^☆

Abstract

Liver transplantation is an effective treatment for end-stage liver disease in children, and its clinical efficacy has been validated. Split liver transplantation (SLT) can effectively expand the donor liver pool for children. SLT for children has unique clinical characteristics and principles. Establishing technical operation specifications for pediatric SLT plays a significant role in improving clinical efficacy. In this paper, clinical practice guidelines on pediatric SLT were established in the aspect of donor and donor liver evaluation, donor-recipient matching, and ductal segmentation and reconstruction of donor liver, aiming to standardize the technical process, optimize surgical operational details, minimize the risk of complications of SLT for children, further promoting the rapid development of pediatric SLT in China.

Keywords

Split liver transplantation (SLT) / Pediatric liver transplantation / Liver transplantation / Donor / Recipient / Guideline

Authors’ contributions

Yang Yang: Conceptualization, Supervision, Funding acquisition. Shuhong Yi: Conceptualization, Supervision, Project administra-tion, Funding acquisition. Binsheng Fu: Writing e Original draft, Writing e review & editing, Funding acquisition. Xiao Feng: Writing e Original draft, Writing e Review & editing. Jianrong Liu: Supervision. Jie Ren: Supervision. Jin Wang: Supervision. Other experts contributed by reviewing the final draft and offering sug-gestions for further revisions. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Declaration of competing interest

Guihua Chen is an editor-in-chief for Liver Research, Yang Yang is an executive associate editor for Liver Research, Jin Wang and Ziqing Hei are editorial board members for Liver Research. All of them were not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

List of experts (arranged in alphabetical order by the last name)

Jiaze An (Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China), Jianqiang Cai (Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China), Jinzhen Cai (The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China), Jie Cao (Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China), Liping Cao (Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China), Guihua Chen (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong, China), Huanwei Chen (The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China), Xiaoping Chen (Southern Theater of PLA Air Force Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China), Xinguo Chen (The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China), Yifa Chen (Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China), Zheng Chen (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China), Yinan Deng (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China), Chunqiang Dong (The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autono-mous Region, China), Jian Dou (The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China), Kefeng Dou (Xijing Hospi-tal, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China), Xilin Du (The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China), Binsheng Fu (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China), Zhiren Fu (Shanghai Changzheng Hospital (Second Affiliated Hos-pital of Naval Medical University), Shanghai, China), Jie Gao (Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China), Wenzhi Guo (The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China), Xiaoshun He (The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China), Qiang He (Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China), Ziqing Hei (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China), Zemin Hu (Zhongshan City Peo-ple’s Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China), Hua Huang (Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China), Jianzhao Huang (Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China), Feng Huo (General Hospital of Southern Theater of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China), Yi Jiang (The 900th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the People’s Liberation Army of China, Fuzhou, Fujian, China), Kuirong Jiang (Nanjing First Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China), Yanhua Lai (People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Re-gion, China), Guogang Li (The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China), Hua Li (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China), Jian Li (The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China), Jun Li (The First Affili-ated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China), Li Li (The First People’s Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan, China), Ning Li (Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China), Weimin Li (Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China), Yousheng Li (Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China), Guangming Li (Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China), Chao Liu (Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China), Jun Liu (Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China), Lei Liu (The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China), Shichun Lu (Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China), Xiaom-ing Lu (Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong Univer-sity of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China), Weiqi Lu (Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China), Gang-jian Luo (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China), Guoyue Lv (The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China), Yi Lv (The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China), Nan Ma (The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China), Mingming Nie (Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China), Zhihai Peng (Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China), Haizhi Qi (The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China), Jianmin Qian (Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China), Zhengjun Qiu (Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China), Jie Ren (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China), Dong Shang (The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China), Baiyong Shen (Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China), Xianbo Shen (Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan, China), Zhongyang Shen (Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China), Jun Shi (The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China), Jinghai Song (Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China), Wu Song (The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China), Xiangqian Su (Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China), Chengyi Sun (The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guiz-hou, China), Xuyong Sun (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China), Hui Tang (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China), Kaishan Tao (Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China), Genshu Wang (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medi-cine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China), Bo Wang (The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China), Jizhou Wang (The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China), Jiandong Wang (Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China), Jin Wang (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China), Wentao Wang (West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China), Zhengxin Wang (Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China), Chengze Wei (The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China), Hao Wen (The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China), Shangeng Weng (The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China), Linwei Wu (Guangdong Pro-vincial People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China), Dequan Wu (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China), Jian Wu (The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University school of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China), Zhongjun Wu (The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China), Qiang Xia (Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China), Renpin Xia (Tongji Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China), Yijun Xia (Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People’s Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China), Jian Xu (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China), Xiao Xu (People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China), Wujun Xue (The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China), Sheng Yan (The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhe-jiang, China), Qiang Yan (The 924th Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China), Jiayin Yang (West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China), Jianqing Yang (Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China), Qing Yang (The Third Affiliated Hos-pital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China), Yang Yang (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China), Yijun Yang (Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China), Jia Yao (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China), Jianxin Ye (The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China), Qifa Ye (Zhon-gnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China), Huimin Yi (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China), Shuhong Yi (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China), Wenlong Zhai (The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou Univer-sity, Zhengzhou, Henan, China), Bingyuan Zhang (The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China), Leida Zhang (Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China), Taiping Zhang (Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China), Tong Zhang (Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen Univer-sity, Xiamen, Fujian, China), Xuewen Zhang (The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China), Yingcai Zhang (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong, China), Hongchuan Zhao (The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China), Yunzhao Zhao (General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China), Zuojun Zhen (The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China), Jinfang Zheng (Hainan Provincial People’s Hospital, Haikou, Hainan, China), Shusen Zheng (The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhe-jiang, China), Jian Zhou (Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China), Jie Zhou (Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China), Anlong Zhu (The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Hei-longjiang, China), Jiye Zhu (Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China), Zhijun Zhu (Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China), Li Zhuang (Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China), Yan Zhuang (Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China).

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0104304); National Natural Science Foundation of China (81972286 and 82073171); Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2020A1515010574 and 2020A1515010302); Guangdong Science and Technology Program (2019B020236003 and 2020B1212060019).

Appendix A. Supplementary data

Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livres.2024.11.002.

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