The visual system is essential for human perception, converting light signals into electrical impulses and transmitting them to the brain to process environmental information. As individuals age, their physiological functions gradually decline, leading to age-related vision impairment that significantly impacts the quality of life in elderly individuals. China is home to the world's largest aging population and faces significant challenges in combating visual system aging through effective treatments and interventions. In response to this challenge, the Aging Biomarker Consortium (ABC) of China has developed a consensus statement on biomarkers of visual system aging by integrating cutting-edge global research and synthesizing evidence-based medicine with clinical expertise. This consensus provides a multi-dimensional evaluation framework encompassing functional, morphological, and molecular biomarkers. Validated biomarkers for each domain are recommended not only to facilitate the early detection of vision changes but also to provide insights into the progression of age-related ocular diseases. By advancing this initiative, ABC aims to revolutionize visual health management in aging societies, ultimately improving outcomes for elderly populations in China and globally.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of aging, characterized by a decline in mitochondrial biogenesis and quality control, compromised membrane integrity, elevated ROS production, damaged mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), impaired mitochondrial-nuclear crosstalk, and deregulated metabolic balance. Among the key longevity regulators, sirtuin family members SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 are predominantly localized to mitochondria and play crucial roles in maintaining mitochondrial function and homeostasis. This review explores how mitochondrial sirtuins mitigate aging-related mitochondrial dysfunctions and their broader implications in aging-related diseases. By elucidating the intricate interplay between mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial sirtuins, we aim to provide insights into therapeutic strategies for promoting healthy aging and combating age-related pathologies.

Microvesicles (MVs) have convenient clinical applications and play functional roles in cellular signal transduction. Although the clinical importance of MVs is being increasingly recognized, the current diversity of isolated protocols results in a heterogeneous population of their unknown origins, even expands to uncertain functions. Here, we systematically investigated the composition of MVs at different centrifugal speed intervals and discovered that centrifugation at 3000 g is critical in determining the composition of MVs. We observed that plateletderived particles accounted for more than 80% of MVs under 3000 g, while only about 20% of MVs were obtained over 3000 g. The discovery that more than 80% of platelet-derived MVs sheds new light on their function, including procoagulation activity and clinical diagnosis, etc. Our work not only optimizes the method for MVs isolation but also clarifies the physiological functions and characteristics that should be attributed to platelets rather than MVs. Consequently, these findings will derive new conceptualizations regarding MVs' composition and function.