Clinical features of 5 cases of allergic granulomatous vasculitis

Abstract

Objective: allergic granulomatous vasculitis is relatively rare in clinic. We aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics of allergic granulomatous vasculitis. Methods: collecting allergic granulomatous vasculitis patients in Taihe Hospital from January 2017 to June 2020, sorting out their general information, system involvement and clinical examination results, and analyzing their clinical characteristics. Results: a total of 5 patients diagnosed with allergic granulomatous vasculitis were collected, all with multiple organ involvement, including the skin, respiratory system, circulatory system, digestive system, urinary system, and nervous system. Respiratory system involvement was mainly due to decreased lung function; 60% manifested as obstructive ventilatory dysfunction. Lung biopsy showed a large amount of eosinophil infiltration in the interstitium of the alveolar septum, and eosinophil and fibrin-like exudation in the alveolar cavity. The circulatory system was mainly affected by myocardial damage, and patient two (P2) had pericardial effusion. 60% of nervous system involvement was central nervous system involvement, and 40% was peripheral nerve involvement. Skin system involvement accounted for 60%. Urinary system involvement was mainly manifested as hematuria and proteinuria. Digestive system involvement was mainly manifested as gastritis, gastric ulcer and other diseases. Conclusion: allergic granulomatous vasculitis is clinically rare. The clinical manifestations are atypical and often involve damage to multiple systems. Clinicians need to fully understand the characteristics of the disease and make comprehensive judgments based on the onset process and examination results to avoid misdiagnosis.

Keywords

allergic granulomatous vasculitis / lung biopsy / eosinophils / nervous system