Genomics of cutaneous melanoma: focus on next-generation sequencing approaches and bioinformatics

Abstract

Cutaneous melanoma is caused by the uncontrolled growth of epidermal melanocytes. Melanoma continues to be a rare form of skin cancer but causes the majority of skin cancer related deaths. For many years the scientific community has focused on the investigation of the pathogenesis leading to melanoma, with the aim of better understanding its complexity and the potential advancement of therapeutic strategies. In this paper, the genomic features characterising the development of cutaneous melanoma are reviewed. Next-generation sequencing technologies and bioinformatics tools are currently state-of-the-art approaches in basic, applied and clinical cancer research. In this review, most of the available tools for revealing the mutational landscape are outlined.

Keywords

Melanoma / bioinformatics / somatic mutations / next-generation sequencing

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