Modeling and performance analysis of real-time BDS-3 PPP-B2b one-way timing with uncombined observations

Abstract

Currently, the BeiDou-3 (BDS-3) precise point positioning (PPP) service (PPP-B2b) mostly employs the ionosphere-free (IF) combination model for precise timing, which tends to amplify the noise in observation values. To address this issue, this paper proposes a real-time BDS-3 precise unidirectional timing model based on uncombined (UC) observations using the BDS-3 PPP-B2b service. This model resolves the challenge of the amplified observation noise inherent in the IF combination model. The experiment involved selecting eight global navigation satellite system (GNSS) observation stations within China and collecting continuous observation data for 15 d. A comparative analysis with the traditional dual-frequency IF combination PPP timing model showed that the BDS-3 UC PPP timing based on the BDS-3 PPP-B2b service can achieve a timing precision of 0.5 ns. In addition, it was found that due to global positioning system (GPS) satellite clock products in the BDS-3 PPP-B2b service not being unified to the standard time, the GPS IF PPP timing method based on the BDS-3 PPP-B2b service is not recommended for precise timing. In summary, the BDS-3 UC PPP timing model proposed in this paper is suitable for precise timing, providing observation values with smaller noise, and its timing accuracy is comparable to that of the BDS-3 IF PPP, with slightly better frequency stability.