Responses of soil enzyme and microbial community under co-loading of different microplastics and sulfamethoxazole

Abstract

Polyamide/polyethylene(PA/PE)microplastics were injected into soil containing sulfamethoxazole(SMX)to investigate their combined effects on SMX removal, soil enzyme activity, and microbial communities. The results show that both PA and PE transiently increase SMX removal and inhibite the stimulation of microbial species diversity by SMX. The effect of PE is more significant. Meanwhile, PE combined with SMX increases the relative abundances of Actinobacteria and Pseudomonas, while PA combined with SMX decreases the relative abundances of Nocardioides and Streptomyces. In addition, PA/PE combined with SMX can increase dehydrogenase, urease, ammonia monooxygenase, and nitrate reductase activities in the soil while inhibiting the activity of laccase. Compared with PA combined with SMX, the activities of dehydrogenase, urease, ammonia monooxygenase, and laccase of PE combined with SMX increase by 9.82%, 10.41%, 8.07%, and 5.47%, while the activities of nitrate reductase and neutral phosphatase decrease by 1.47% and 6.78%.

Keywords

microplastics / sulfamethoxazole / combined effect / soil enzyme / microbial community

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Funding

Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program(BE2022831)