Alcoholic liver injury is a liver disease caused by excessive alcohol consumption, which can lead to chronic liver disease death. Solanum Nigrum Linn taste bitter, cold, has the effect of clearing heat and detoxification, promoting blood and detumescence. Solanum Nigrum Linn fruit contains a variety of antioxidant enzymes, can remove the body produced by aerobic metabolism harmful substances. In this paper, a model of alcohol-induced liver injury in C57BL/6 mice was established to evaluate the protective effect of Solanum Nigrum Linn green fruit (SNGF) ethanolic extract on alcohol-induced liver injury. H&E staining and oil red O (ORO) staining showed that hepatic lobules were clearly demarcated, vacuoles were significantly reduced and lipid droplets were reduced in SNGF ethanolic extract treatment group. Serum levels of TC, TG, LDH, TBA, AKP, ALT and AST were decreased in the SNGF ethanolic extract treatment group, and SNGF ethanolic extract could clear reactive oxygen species (ROS) in time. MDA content was significantly decreased after SNGF ethanolic extract treatment, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and GSH-Px contents were increased after SNGF ethanolic extract treatment. These results suggest that SNGF ethanolic extract has a protective effect on alcohol-induced liver injury.

Diabetes is one of the most difficult chronic diseases to cure in the world, which seriously affects people’s health and quality of life. Flavonoids in buckwheat can regulate blood glucose levels by inhibiting α-amylase activity. Therefore, sweet buckwheat produced in Inner Mongolia was used as the research object, and buckwheat flavonoids were extracted by ultrasonic-assisted extraction method. Total flavonoids content was determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. With acarbose as the positive control, the inhibition test of α-amylase was carried out by DNS colorimetry to study the inhibition behavior of flavonoids on α-amylase activity. The results showed that the extraction process of flavonoids was stable and reliable, and the established method for the determination of flavonoids was simple, accurate and reproducible. The total flavonoids content of buckwheat samples was 2.706 mg/g, buckwheat total flavonoids extraction solution had an inhibitory effect on α-amylase, and its median inhibition concentration (IC₅₀) was 38.53 mg/mL. The results of this experiment provide a technical reference for the development and utilization of flavonoids in Inner Mongolia sweet buckwheat, and provide a theoretical reference for the development and application of flavonoid-rich hypoglycemic food.

Paeonol is a bioactive phenol present in Dioscorea japonica, Paeonia suffruticosa and Paeonia lactiflora. It is the main active ingredient in the traditional Chinese medicines Mudanpi and Xu Changqing. Clinical applications of paeonol are mainly focused on anti-inflammatory effects due to its ability to act as an antioxidant, a regulator of inflammatory enzyme activities, a modulator of inflammatory signaling pathways and a regulator of adhesion molecules to modulate inflammation through molecular mechanisms of action. In addition, paeonol also regulates inflammation by regulating the metabolism of gut microbes. In this review, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, ESI and other websites using “paeonol” “inflammation” “oxidative stress” “signaling pathways” and “gut microbiota” as keywords. We mainly referred to the relevant literature in the last decade and systematically summarized the studies on the anti-inflammatory effects of paeonol to provide a reference for new drug development and clinical application of paeonol.

This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of Sophora Flos (SF) in the treatment of hyperlipidemia (HLP) using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods, and to optimize the extraction process of the predicted active components. The STRING database was used for protein interaction analysis and PPI network construction via Cytoscape 3.9.1. Pymol was employed for docking and visualization. An extensive review of SF identified 6 active ingredients, 297 related objectives, 84 disease objectives, and 57 total objectives. After protein interaction and topology analysis, 18 core targets were identified. These included 146 gene function entries (P < 0.05). Active compounds, mainly flavonoids, can modulate the expression of various proteins such as TNF, IL-6, IL-1β, PPARG, and TGFB1 to achieve therapeutic effects on HLP. The network pharmacology and molecular docking results suggested that the active flavonoids component in SF may be related to the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Therefore, the orthogonal experiment method was used to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoid from SF using ethanol reflux extraction, based on a single factor experiment. The effects of reflux time, solid-liquid ratio, ethanol concentration, and other factors on the extraction of total flavonoid from SF were investigated. The optimum process conditions were reflux time of 1.25 h, solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 g/mL and ethanol concentration of 60%. Using these conditions, the purity of total flavonoid extracted from SF was 70.33 ± 0.22%.