Flow battery energy storage (FBES) provide a flexible storage for low-carbon port integrated energy systems (PIES). To improve renewable energy accommodation and overcome the high cost and low utilization of decentralized storage, this paper proposes a shared flow battery energy storage (SFBES) framework for multi-port integrated energy systems. A bi-level collaborative optimization model is developed, where the upper-level optimizes storage power and energy capacities, and the lower-level coordinates renewable generation, quay crane (QC), electric truck (ET), and multi-energy conversion units. The model is reformulated as a single-level MILP using KKT conditions.
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Wuhan University of Technology and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, Part of Springer Nature
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