Preparation and Properties of Ti₃SiC₂-modified High Silica/Phenolic Aerogel Composite

Abstract

A Ti₃SiC₂-modified high-silica oxygen/phenolic aerogel composite with excellent oxidation resistance and high-temperature performance was prepared. The experimental results show that the obtained composite has significantly improved oxidation resistance. When the addition amount of Ti₃SiC₂ is 75%, the carbonization volume shrinkage rate of the composite after aerobic static combustion is only 5.95%. At the same time, the LAR and MAR after 30 seconds of oxyacetylene ablation under a heat flux density of 1.5 MW/m² are 0.0307 mm/s and 0.0149 g/s, respectively. The compressive strength after aerobic static combustion at 1 000 °C is up to 20.43% of that before aerobic static combustion, which is 1.99 times that of the unfilled material, significantly improving the high-temperature mechanical properties of the composite.

Keywords

Ti₃SiC₂ / phenolic aerogel composites / high silica fiber / thermal conductivity

References

[1] Chen SA, Zhou Q, Li GD. Thermal Protection System-“fire suit” for Hypersonic Vehicles. Science and Technology Communication. 2019, 11(20): 128-130[J]

[2] Li L, Ren ZY, Wang P, et al. . Research Progress of Lightweight Resin-based Heat-insulating Integrated Materials. Air and Space Defense. 2024, 7(06): 58-75[J]

[3] Li CW, Zhong SY, Xiang WC, et al. . Frontier Progress in the Development of Resin Matrix Composites for Thermal Protection. Chinese Science: Chemistry. 2024, 54(11): 2 167-2 182[J]

[4] Ding J, Li Y, Shi MX, et al. . Enhancement of the Mechanical Performance of SiC_f/Phenolic Composites after High-temperature Pyrolysis Using ZrC/B₄C Particles. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed.. 2023, 38(6): 1 262-1 268 J]

[5] Huo SQ. Preparation of Porous Alumina and Its Dielectric and Thermal Properties. 2024, Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang Railway University[D]

[6] Abdeali G, Bahramian AR. Novolac Aerogel Thermal Diffusion and Efficiency Enhancement Using Paraffin Wax Core/polyurethane Shell Phase-change Material Nano Capsules. International Journal of Energy Research. 2022, 46(2): 1 962-1 977 J]

[7] Liu FQ, Wang LK, Men J, et al. . Progress on the Preparation of Aerogel Thermal Insulations and Their Applications in Aerospace Thermal Protection System. Aerospace Materials & Technology. 2022, 52(2): 26-47[J]

[8] Shi MX, Tang QX, Fan SS, et al. . Ceramification of Composites of MgO-Al₃O₃-SiO₂/Boron Phenolic Resin with Different Calcine Time. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed.. 2021, 36(2): 174-182 J]

[9] Li XC. Preparation and Properties of Atmospheric Pressure Dried Phenolic Aerogel and Its Carbon Aerogel. 2023, Beijing, Beijing University of Chemical Technology[D]

[10] Pekala RW. Organic Aerogels from the Polycondensation of Resorcinol with Formaldehyde. Journal of Materials Science. 1989, 24: 3 221-3 227 J]

[11] Guo H, Liu YY, Song H, et al. . Effect of Fiber on the Properties of Phenolic Aerogel Materials. Materials Herald. 2020, 34(S2): 1 513-1 515[J]

[12] Dong JX, Zhu ZX, Yao HJ, et al. . Structural Modulation and Properties of Phenolic Aerogel/Carbon Fiber Composites. Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2018, 69(11): 4 896-4 901[J]

[13] Zhang HY, Qian Z, Niu B, et al. . Mechanical Properties and Fracture Mechanism of Low-density Fiber-reinforced Phenolic Aerogel Composites. Journal of Composite Materials. 2022, 39(08): 3 663-3 673[J]

[14] Wang C, Cheng H, Hong C, et al. . Light Weight Chopped Carbon Fibre Reinforced Silica-phenolic Resin Aerogel Nanocomposite: Facile Preparation, Properties and Application to Thermal Protection. Composites Part A. 2018, 112: 81-90 J]

[15] Li C, Q XW. Research Status and Prospect of High Silica Glass Fiber[J]. Glass Fiber, 2004(4): 35–37

[16] He GD, Zou NY. Several Discussions on High Siloxane Fiber Ablation-resistant Materials[J]. Glass Fiber, 2015, (06): 40–44

[17] Li PF, Shi MX, Deng ZY, et al. . Achieving Excellent Oxidation Resistance and Mechanical Properties of TiB₂-B₄C/Carbon Aerogel Composites by Quick-gelation and Mechanical Mixing. Nanotechnology Reviews. 2022, 11(1): 3 031-3 041 J]

[18] Xue HF, Cheng HM, Hong CQ, et al. . Preparation and Properties of Carbon/phenolic Ablative Materials Modified with Silicon Carbide Particles. The Chinese Ceramic Society, International Commission on Glass TC-16.2016’China Sol-Gel Symposium and International Forum Abstracts Collection. 20161[C]

[19] Tian YL, Yin HF, Chen JX. Research Progress of Ti₃SiC₂ Composites. Materials Herald. 2014, 28(S1): 104-106[J]

[20] Li SB, Cheng LF, Zhang LT. Novel Layered Ceramic Material Ti₃SiC₂[J]. Materials Guide, 2001(9): 26–29

[21] Mei BC, Liu J, Zhu JQ, et al. Hot Pressing of TiC/Ti/Si/Al to Synthesize Ti₃SiC₂ Materials[J]. Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2005(2): 86–89

[22] Jeitschlo W, Nowotny H. Die Kristallstruktur Von Ti₃SiC₂-ein Neuer Komplexcarbid- typ. Monatshefte für Chemie- Chemical Monthly. 1967, 98(2): 329-337 J]

[23] Xiong L, Mo G, Chen K, et al. Polycarbosilane-derived Ti₃SiC₂ and Its Reaction Mechani[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2025, 1 015 178 881–1 015 178 881

[24] Kang K. Synthesis Mechanism and Properties of Ti₃SiC₂ Ceramics by PDC Method. 2024, Xi’an, Chang’an University[D]

[25] Huang ZX, Weng SX, Shi MX, et al. . Long-term Oxidation Resistance and High-temperature Load-bearing Capacity of Ceramizable Composite Modified by Ti₃SiC₂ from 600 °C to 1600 °C. Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2025, 45(6): 117 208-117 208 J]

[26] Huang ZX, Jiang GQ, Yang XY, et al. Ablation Behavior and Mechani of Ti₃SiC₂ Modified Carbon Fiber/boron Phenolic Resin Ceramizable Composite[J]. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2024, 230 111 035–230 111 035

[27] Wang J, Jiang H, Jiang N. Study on the Pyrolysis of Phenol formaldehyde (PF) Resin and Modified PF Resin. Thermochim Acta.. 2009, 496(1): 136-142 J]

[28] Yu YF, Xu JY, Jin XX. Temperature Resistance of Several Typical Inorganic Fiber Mats. High-tech Fiber and Application. 2022, 47(01): 32-36[J]

[29] Sun Z M. Progress in Research and Development on MAX Phases: A Family of Layered Ternary Compounds. Int. Mater. Rev.. 2011, 56: 143-166 J]

[30] Barsoum MW, El-Raghy T, Rawn CJ, et al. . Thermal Properties of Ti₃SiC₂. J. Phys. Chem. Solids. 1999, 60: 429-439 J]

[31] Dong PH. Time-varying Reliability of Thermally Protected Structures Under Multi-source Uncertainty. 2023, Nanjing, Southeast University[D]

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Wuhan University of Technology and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, Part of Springer Nature