Dynamic Mechanical Behavior and Failure Characteristics of Sandstone Subjected to Freeze-thaw Treatment at Different Strain Rates

Abstract

The influence of FT (freeze-thaw) cycles and average strain rate on the dynamic impact performance, energy evolution characteristics, and failure behavior of sandstone was studied through dynamic impact tests. Results displayed that the FT damage process of samples can be divided into three stages based on the changes in weight, porosity, and P-wave velocity. The dynamic peak strength, dynamic elastic modulus, and strength ratio decreased with increasing FT cycles, and increased with increasing average strain rate. Moreover, the average strain rate reduced the influence of FT cycles on dynamic peak strength. In general, the incident energy, reflected energy and dissipated energy increased with increasing average strain rate, the transmitted energy was negligibly affected by the average strain rate, and the energy dissipation ratio decreased with increasing average strain rate. In addition, the influence of FT cycles on each type of energy and energy dissipation ratio during sample failure was smaller than that of average strain rate. The average size of fragments can accurately demonstrate the impact of FT damage and average strain rate on dynamic peak strength and failure mode, and quantitatively evaluate the sample’s fragmentation degree. Fractal dimension varies with FT cycles and average strain rate, and the threshold is between 148.30 and 242.57 s⁻¹. If the average strain rate is in the threshold range, the relationship between the fractal dimension and dynamic peak strength is more regular, otherwise, it will become complicated. The results reveal the dynamic failure mechanism of white sandstone samples, providing assistance for dynamic rock-breaking and disaster prevention in cold regions.

Keywords

white sandstone / FT cycles / dynamic impact tests / dynamic mechanical characteristics / energy conversion / fractal dimension of fragments

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