Self-reinforced Calcium Phosphate Cement Inspired by Sea Cucumber Dermis

Abstract

A composite bone cement based on α-TCP with self-reinforcing characteristics is prepared by compounding cellulose whiskers and polyvinyl alcohol in different proportions. In this system, we are inspired by the sea cucumber, which can alter the stiffness of their inner dermis reversibly. Through the formation of hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups on the cellulose whiskers and PVA, the bone cement matrix can be strengthened during the curing process of cement. In the process of bone cement blending, there is more water, the hydrogen bond connection is destroyed, so the slurry has better fluidity at this time. As the hydration of the bone cement progresses, the reduction of the water phase leads to the formation of a permeable network structure of hydrogen bond connections between the whiskers. The dual-phase action of PVA and whiskers greatly increases the mechanical strength of the bone cement system (5.5 to 23.8 MPa), while the presence of polyvinyl alcohol improves the toughness of the bone cement system. This work was supposed to explore whether the chemoresponsive materials can be adapted to biomedical materials, for example, bone repair.

Keywords

bone repair / self-reinforce / chemoresponsive / hydrogen bond

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