Preparation and Performance of Chitosan/Citric Acid Modified Magnesium Oxychloride Cement

Abstract

Citric acid (CA) and chitosan (CS) were employed to modify magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC). Multiscale measurements were implemented to study the properties of the modified MOC pastes. Results show that the addition of CA/CS significantly changes the content of each phase and the microstructure of phase 5. The single addition of CA can effectively increase the compressive strength of MOC after 7 d curing, while CS exerts no obvious effect on the compressive strength. As to the simultaneous addition of CA and CS, the compressive strength of MOC gradually decreases with the increasing content of CS. Interestingly, mixing CA and CS significantly enhances the water resistance of MOC and decreases the degradation rate of MOC in phosphate buffered solution, which can be ascribed to the low specific surface area of the plate-like crystals in the modified MOC and the reduction of pores in the structure.

Keywords

magnesium oxychloride cement / modifier / citric acid / chitosan

References

[1] Beaudoin JJ, Ramachandran VS. Strength Development in Magnesium Oxychloride and Other Cements[J]. Cem. Concr. Res., 1975, 5(6): 617-630.

[2] Xie H, Yue H, Zhu J, et al. Scientific and Engineering Progress in CO2 Mineralization Using Industrial Waste and Natural Minerals[J]. Engineering-Prc., 2015, 1(1): 150-157.

[3] Ruan S, Unluer C. Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Reactive MgO and Portland Cement Production[J]. J. Clean. Prod., 2016, 137: 258-273.

[4] Lauermannová AM, Lojka M, Záleská M, et al. Magnesium Oxychloride Cement-based Composites for Latent Heat Storage: The Effect of the Introduction of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes[J]. J. Build. Eng., 2023, 72: 106.

[5] Dorepaal RM, Gowen AA. Identification of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement Biomaterial Heterogeneity using Raman Chemical Mapping and NIR Hyperspectral Chemical Imaging[J]. Sci. Rep., 2018, 8(1): 13 034

[6] Chen W, Ye J, Bai Y, et al. Improved Fire Resistant Performance of lLoad Bearing Cold-formed Steel Interior and Exterior Wall Systems[J]. Thin. Wall. Struct., 2013, 73: 145-157.

[7] Misra AK, Mathur R. Magnesium. Oxychloride Cement Concrete[J]. B. Mater. Sci., 2007, 30(3): 239-246.

[8] Zhou XM, Li ZJ. Light-weight Wood-magnesium Oxychloride Cement Composite Building Products Made by Extrusion[J]. Constr. Build. Mater., 2012, 27(1): 382-389.

[9] He P, Hossain MU, Poon CS, et al. Mechanical, Durability and Environmental Aspects of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement Boards Incorporating Waste Wood[J]. J. Clean. Prod., 2019, 207: 391-399.

[10] Chau CK, Chan J, Li Z. Influences of Fly Ash on Magnesium Oxychloride Mortar[J]. Cem. Concr. Compos., 2009, 31(4): 250-254.

[11] Deng DH. The Mechanism for Soluble Phosphates to Improve the Water Resistance of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement[J]. Cem. Concr. Res., 2003, 33(9): 1 311-1 317.

[12] Quan Q, Gong PX, Rui SN, et al. New Research Progress of Modified Bone Cement Applied to Vertebroplasty[J]. World Neurosurg., 2023, 176: 10-18.

[13] Tan Y, Liu Y, Grover L. Effect of Phosphoric Acid on the Properties of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement as a Biomaterial[J]. Cem. Concr. Res., 2014, 56: 69-74.

[14] Wei L, Wang Y, Yu J, et al. Feasibility Study of Strain Hardening Magnesium Oxychloride Cement-based Composites[J]. Constr. Build. Mater., 2018, 165: 750-760.

[15] He P, Poon CS, Richardson IG, et al. The Mechanism of Supplementary Cementitious Materials Enhancing the Water Resistance of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement (MOC): A Comparison Between Pulverized Fuel Ash and Incinerated Sewage Sludge Ash[J]. Cem. Concr. Compos., 2020, 109: 103.

[16] Costello LC, Franklin RB. A Review of the Important Central Role of Altered Citrate Metabolism During the Process of Stem Cell Differentiation[J]. J. Tissue Eng. Regen. M., 2013, 2(1)

[17] Zhu H, Li L, Chen W, et al. Controllable Synthesis of Coral-like Hierarchical Porous Magnesium Hydroxide with Various Surface Area and Pore Volume for Lead and Cadmium Ion Adsorption[J]. J. Hazard. Mater., 2021, 416: 125.

[18] Kumar M VR. A Review of Chitin and Chitosan Applications[J]. React. Funct. Polym., 2000, 46(1): 1-27.

[19] Sun LP, Wang S, Zhang ZW, et al. Biological Evaluation of Collagen-chitosan Scaffolds for Dermis Tissue Engineering[J]. Biomed. Mater., 2009, 4(5): 055

[20] Dias LLS, Mansur HS, Donnici CL, et al. Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan-polyvinyl Alcohol-bioactive Glass Hybrid Membranes[J]. Biomatter, 2011, 1(1): 114-119.

[21] Lin CC, Fu SJ, Lin YC, et al. Chitosan-coated Electrospun PLA Fibers for Rapid Mineralization of Calcium Phosphate[J]. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 2014, 68: 39-47.

[22] Rochet N, Balaguer T, Boukhechba F, et al. Differentiation and Activity of Human Preosteoclasts on Chitosan Enriched Calcium Phosphate Cement[J]. Biomaterials, 2009, 30(26): 4 260-4 267.

[23] Meng D, Dong L, Wen Y, et al. Effects of Adding Resorbable Chitosan Microspheres to Calcium Phosphate Cements for Bone Regeneration[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng. C., 2015, 47: 266-272.

[24] Wen J, Yu H, Li Y, et al. Effects of Citric Acid on Hydration Process and Mechanical Properties of Thermal Decomposed Magnesium Oxychloride Cement[J]. J. Wuhan Univ. Technol. -Mat. Sci. Edi., 2014, 29(1): 114-118.

[25] Tooper B, Cartz L. Structure and Formation of Magnesium Oxychloride Sorel Cements[J]. Nature, 1966, 211(5044): 64-66.

[26] Xu WH, Song ZJ, Guo MZ, et al. Improvement in Water Resistance of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement via Incorporation of Dredged Sediment[J]. J. Clean. Prod., 2022, 356: 131.

[27] Chen X, Zhang T, Bi W, et al. Effect of Tartaric Acid and Phosphoric Acid on the Water Resistance of Magnesium Oxychloride (MOC) Cement[J]. Constr. Build. Mater., 2019, 213: 528-536.

[28] Guo Y, Zhang Y, Soe K, et al. Effect of Fly Ash on Mechanical Properties of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement Under Water Attack[J]. Struct. Concrete, 2020, 21(3): 1 181-1 199.

[29] Chen X, Wang S, Zhou Y, et al. Improved Low-carbon Magnesium Oxysulfate Cement Pastes Containing Boric Acid and Citric Acid[J]. Cem. Concr. Compos., 2022, 134: 104.

[30] He P, Poon CS, Tsang DCW. Comparison of Glass Powder and Pulverized Fuel Ash for Improving the Water Resistance of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement[J]. Cem. Concr. Compos., 2018, 86: 98-109.

[31] Han Y, Ye Q, Xu Y, et al. Bioinspired Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Magnesium Oxychloride Cement via Chitosan and Tartaric Acid[J]. Acs Sustain. Chem. Eng., 2020, 8(51): 18 841-18 852.

[32] Wen J, Yu H, Wu C, et al. Hydration Kinetic and Influencing Parameters in Hydration Process of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement[J]. J. Chin. Ceram. Soc., 2013, 41: 588-596.

[33] Singh A, Kumar R, Goel P. Factors Influencing Strength of Magnesium Oxychloride Cement[J]. Constr. Build. Mater., 2021, 303: 124 571.