Synergistic Flame Retardant Effect of Ammonium Polyphosphate and Aluminum Hydroxide on Polyurethane

Abstract

The flame-retardant properties of polyurethane (PU) containing ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and aluminum hydroxide (ATH) were investigated. Moreover, the flame retardant performance was investigated through thermogravimetric analysis, limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion (UL 94), and cone calorimeter. When 15 wt% APP and 5 wt% ATH were added together, the PU/15%APP/5%ATH sample shows better thermal stability and flame-retardant properties. When 15 wt% APP and 5 wt% ATH were added together, the LOI value of the PU/15%APP/5%ATH sample was 30.5%, and UL 94 V-0 rating was attained. Compared with PU, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), and average effective heat combustion (av-EHC) of the PU/15%APP/5%ATH sample decreased by 43.1%, 21.0%, and 29.4%, respectively. In addition, the flame-retardant mechanism was investigated through cone calorimeter. The APP/ATH addition simultaneously exerted condensed phase and gas phase flame retardant effects. APP and ATH have synergistic flame retardant properties.

Keywords

polyurethane / ammonium polyphosphate / aluminum hydroxide / synergistic flame retardance / flame retardancy mechanism

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