Usability of Waste Steel Grits in Concrete Pavement

Abstract

The usability of waste steel grits and limestone sand in the construction of concrete pavement was investigated. Four different types of pavement concretes were produced, including coarse limestone concrete not containing waste steel grit, coarse limestone concrete containing waste steel grit, limestone sand concrete not containing waste steel grit, and limestone sand concrete containing waste steel grit. In this study, water/binder ratio in concrete production was taken as 0.44. In the production of limestone sand concrete containing waste steel grit, limestone sand with a grain diameter of 0.1–1.0 mm was used as aggregate. Waste steel grits with a grain diameter of 0.2–0.7 mm were added to the concrete mixture. Standard water curing and combined curing were applied to concrete samples. After standard water curing and combined curing, compression and bending tests of the same types of cube and beam concrete samples were carried out. As a result of the study, the maximum compressive and bending strengths were found to be 50.21 MPa and 5.07 MPa for limestone sand concrete containing waste steel grit. The study results show that waste steel grits increase the compressive and bending strength of concrete pavement.

Keywords

infrastructures for sustainable transport / sustainable cement-based materials / concrete pavement / concrete curing / waste steel grits

References

[1] Agar E, Oztas G, Sutas I. Concrete Roads[M], 1998 Istanbul: ITU Publ.. 87

[2] Arslan M. Researches of Alternative Concrete and Construction Methods for Concrete Road Coverings[M], 2007 Ankara: Gazi Uni. BAP Project. 32

[3] Hattatoglu F, Bakis A. Usability of Ignimbrite Powder in Reactive Powder Concrete Road Pavement[J]. RMPD, 2017, 18: 1448.

[4] Wei D, Li B, Zhang Z, et al. Influence of Surface Texture Characteristics on the Noise in Grooving Concrete Pavement[J]. Appl. Sci., 2018, 8: 2141.

[5] Zheng M, Tian Y, Wang X, et al. Research on Grooved Concrete Pavement Based on the Durability of Its Anti-Skid Performance[J]. Appl. Sci., 2018, 8: 891.

[6] Yu L, Yang X, Yan X, et al. Design and Construction of Oblique Pre-stressed Concrete Pavement: A Case Study in China[J]. Appl. Sci., 2018, 8: 607.

[7] Bayrak OU. A New Approach to the Design of Rigid Pavement[D], 2007 Erzurum: Ataturk University. 192

[8] Dallaire E, Aitcin PC, Lachemi M. High-Performance powder[J]. Civil Eng., 1998, 68: 48.

[9] Aitcin PC. Cements of Yesterday and Today: Concrete of Tomorrow[J]. Cement Concrete Res., 2000, 30: 1349.

[10] Tasdemir MA, Bayramov F, Kocaturk N, et al. New Developments in the Performance Based Design of Concrete[M]. Concrete Congress, Istanbul, 2004, 24

[11] Yousuf S, Shafigh P, Ibrahim Z, et al. Crossover Effect in Cement-Based Materials: A Review[J]. Appl. Sci., 2019, 9: 2776.

[12] Jeong Y, Hargis CW, Kang H, et al. The Effect of Elevated Curing Temperatures on High Ye’elimite Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement Mortars[J]. Materials, 2019, 12: 1072.

[13] Karabulut AS. Improvement of the Reactive Powder Concrete Properties by Incorporation of the Mineral Additives[D], 2006 Izmir: Dokuz Eylul Uni.. 169

[14] Yazici H, Deniz E, Baradan B. The Effect of Autoclave Pressure, Temperature and Duration Time on Mechanical Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete[J]. Constr Build Mat., 2013, 42: 53.

[15] Zheng W, Luo B, Wang Y. Compressive and Tensile Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete with Steel Fibers at Elevated Temperatures[J]. Constr Build Mat., 2013, 41: 844.

[16] Han YJ, Oh SK, Kim B. Effect of Load Transfer Section to Toughness for Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete[J]. Appl. Sci., 2017, 7: 549.

[17] Wu Y, Song W, Zhao W, et al. An Experimental Study on Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete under Different Strain Rates[J]. Appl. Sci., 2018, 8: 1904.

[18] Qu D, Cai X, Chang W. Evaluating the Effects of Steel Fibers on Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High Performance Concrete Using Artificial Neural Networks[J]. Appl. Sci., 2018, 8: 1120.

[19] Afroughsabet V, Biolzi L, Cattaneo S. Evaluation of Engineering Properties of Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement-based Concretes Reinforced with Different Types of Fibers[J]. Materials, 2019, 12: 2151.

[20] Mínguez J, Gutiérrez L, González DC, et al. Plain and Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Subjected to Cyclic Compressive Loading: Study of the Mechanical Response and Correlations with Microstructure Using CT Scanning[J]. Appl. Sci., 2019, 9: 3030.

[21] Chalioris CE, Kosmidou PMK, Karayannis CG. Cyclic Response of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Slender Beams: An Experimental Study[J]. Materials, 2019, 12: 1398.

[22] Ríos JD, Cifuentes H, Yu RC, et al. Probabilistic Flexural Fatigue in Plain and Fiber-Reinforced Concrete[J]. Materials, 2017, 10: 767.

[23] Lee SJ, Yoo DY, Moon DY. Effects of Hooked-End Steel Fiber Geometry and Volume Fraction on the Flexural Behavior of Concrete Pedestrian Decks[J]. Appl. Sci., 2019, 9: 1241.

[24] Choi WC, Jung KY, Jang SJ, et al. The Influence of Steel Fiber Tensile Strengths and Aspect Ratios on the Fracture Properties of High-Strength Concrete[J]. Materials, 2019, 12: 2105.

[25] Barkhordari BMA, Amini F, Safaye NH, et al. Effect of Steel Fiber and Different Environments on Flexural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Beams[J]. Appl. Sci., 2017, 7: 1011.

[26] CIMSA Cement Industry and Trade Inc. Available online: http://www.cimsa.com.tr (accessed on 31 December 2021)

[27] TS EN-934-2+A1 Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout — Part 2: Concrete admixtures-Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labelling, 2014 Ankara: Turkish Standards Institute. 21

[28] BASF Chemistry Industry and Trade Inc. Available online: http://www.master-builders-solutions.basf.com.tr (accessed on 31 December 2021)

[29] IKSA Construction Additives Industry and Trade Co. Ltd. Available online: http://www.iksa.com.tr (accessed on 31 December 2021)

[30] TORK chemical analysis of metal steel grit. Available online: http://www.torkmetal.com (accessed on 31 December 2021)

[31] Tunc A. Road Materials and Applications[M], 2007 2nd ed. Ankara: Nobel Publication Distribution. 123

[32] TS EN 933-1 Tests for Geometrical Properties of Aggregates — Part 1: Determination of Particle Size Distribution-Sieving Method[S], 2012 Ankara: Turkish Standards Institute. 12

[33] TS 802 Design of Concrete Mixes[S], 2016 Ankara: Turkish Standards Institute. 17

[34] Richard P, Cheyrezy M. Composition of Reactive Powder Concretes[J]. Cement Concrete Res., 1995, 25: 1501.

[35] TS EN 12390-3 Testing hardened concrete-Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens[S], 2010 Ankara: Turkish Standards Institute. 7

[36] TS EN 12390-5 Testing Hardened Concrete — Part 5: Flexural Strength of Test Specimens[S], 2010 Ankara: Turkish Standards Institute. 12

[37] TS 500 Requirements for Design and Construction of Reinforced Concrete Structures[S], 2000 Ankara: Turkish Standards Institute. 3