Effects of Polycarboxylate-based Grinding Aid on the Performance of Grinded Cement

Abstract

A molecular modified PCE-type GA was self-synthesized, and the grindability concerning grinding duration and particle size distribution of ground cement was evaluated. Setting time, flowability, hydration heat, mechanical properties and microstructure of the ground cement were also investigated. The results show that: PCE-type GA is effective in cement grinding. With 0.03% PCE-type GA added into cement clinker, the Blain surface area reaches to the highest at every ten minutes, and the volume percent of cement particles with size of (0–32 µm) reaches the highest. Excessive amount of PCE-type GA seems to impair the grinding efficiency. The grinding efficiency promotes cement fineness and hence contributes to the cement hydration degree as well as improves the mechanical properties.

Keywords

PCE-type GA / cement / grindability / fineness / hydration properties

References

[1] Assaad JJ, Asseily SE, Harb J. Effect of Specific Energy Consumption on Fineness of Portland Cement Incorporating Amine or Glycol-based Grinding Aids [J]. Materials and Structures, 2009, 42(8): 1077-1087.

[2] Assaad JJ, Issa CA. Effect of Clinker Grinding Aids on Flow of Cement-based Materials[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2014, 63: 1-11.

[3] Toprak NA, Benzer AH, Karahan CE, et al. Effects of Grinding Aid Dosage on Circuit Performance and Cement Fineness[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 265: 120 707.

[4] Madlool NA, Saidur R, Hossain MS, et al. A Critical Review on Energy Use and Savings in the Cement Industries[J]. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2011, 15(4): 2042-2060.

[5] Zhang Y, Fei AY, Li DX. Utilization of Waste Glycerin, Industry Lignin and Cane Molasses as Grinding Aids in Blended Cement[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2016, 123: 785-791.

[6] Schneider M, Romer M, Tschudin M, et al. Sustainable Cement Production-present and Future[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2011, 41(7): 642-650.

[7] Zhang TL, Gao JM, Hu JC. Preparation of Polymer-based Cement Grinding Aid and Their Performance on Grindability[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2015, 75: 163-168.

[8] Li HX, Zhao JF, Huang YY, et al. Investigation on the Potential of Waste Cooking Oil as a Grinding Aid in Portland Cement[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2016, 184: 545-551.

[9] Toprak NA, Altun O, Aydogan N, et al. The Influences and Selection of Grinding Chemicals in Cement Grinding Circuits[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2014, 68: 199-205.

[10] Prziwara P, Kwade A. Grinding Aids for Dry Fine Grinding Processes — Part I: Mechanism of Action and Lab-scale Grinding[J]. Powder Technology, 2020, 375: 146-160.

[11] Zhang JJ, Tan HB, He XY, et al. Nano Particles Prepared from Hardened Cement Paste by Wet Grinding and Its Utilization as an Accelerator in Portland Cement[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021, 283: 124 632.

[12] Velamakanni BV, Fuerstenau DW. The Effect of the Adsorption of Polymeric Additives on the Wet Grinding of Minerals.2. Dispersion and Fine Grinding of Concentrated Suspensions[J]. Powder Technology, 1993, 75(1): 11-19.

[13] Recchi P, Magistri M, D’Arcangelo P, et al. Facilitating Cement Grinding in Vertical Mills[J]. Zkg International, 2010, 63(10): 53-57.

[14] Chipakwe V, Semsari P, Karlkvist T, et al. A Critical Review on the Mechanisms of Chemical Additives Used in Grinding and Their Effects on the Downstream Processes[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology-Jmr&T, 2020, 9(4): 8148-8162.

[15] Tan HB, Li MG, He XY, et al. Preparation for Micro-lithium Slag Via Wet Grinding and Its Application as Accelerator in Portland Cement[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 250: 119 528.

[16] Feng PR, Song LL. Opportunities and Challenges Faced by Cement Grinding Aid Industry[J]. China Cem., 2013, 8: 21.

[17] Feng PR. Research Progress and Development Trend of Cement Grinding Aids[J]. Cem. Guide New Epoch, 2017, 23(2): 1-8.

[18] Sun ZP, Liu H, Ji YL, et al. Influence of Glycerin Grinding Aid on the Compatibility between Cement and Polycarboxylate Superplasticizer and Its Mechanism[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 233: 117 104.

[19] Gao XJ, Yang YZ, Deng HW. Utilization of Beet Molasses as a Grinding Aid in Blended Cements[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2011, 25(9): 3782-3789.

[20] Albayrak AT, Yasar M, Gurkaynak MA, et al. Investigation of the Effects of Fatty Acids on the Compressive Strength of the Concrete and the Grindability of the Cement[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2005, 35(2): 400-404.

[21] Klimpel RR, Manfroy W. Chemical Grinding Aids for Increasing Throughput in the Wet Grinding of Ores[J]. Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev., 1978, 17(4): 518-523.

[22] Zhang X, Hu HR. Preparation and Analysis of a Polyacrylate Grinding Aid for Grinding Calcium Carbonate (GCC) in an Ultrafine Wet Grinding Process[J]. Powder Technology, 2014, 254: 470-479.

[23] Paramasivam R, Vedaraman R. Effects of the Physical-Properties of Liquid Additives on Dry Grinding[J]. Powder Technology, 1992, 70(1): 43-50.

[24] Choi H, Lee W, Kim S. Effect of Grinding Aids on the Kinetics of Fine Grinding Energy Consumed of Calcite Powders by a Stirred Ball Mill[J]. Adv. Powder Technol., 2009, 20: 350-354.

[25] Atesok G, Dincer H, Ozer M, et al. The Effects of Dispersants (PSS-NSF) Used in Coal-water Slurries on the Grind Ability of Coals of Different Structures[J]. Fuel, 2005, 84: 801-808.

[26] Sun ZP, Yang HJ, Shui LL, et al. Preparation of Polycarboxylate-based Grinding Aid and Its Influence on Cement Properties under Laboratory Condition[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2016, 127: 363-368.

[27] Sandberg PJ, Doncaster F. On the Mechanism of Strength Enhancement of Cement Paste and Mortar with Triisopropanolamine[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2004, 34(6): 973-976.

[28] Heren Z, Olmez H. The Influence of Ethanolamines on the Hydration and Mechanical Properties of Portland Cement[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 1996, 26(5): 701-705.

[29] Yang HJ, Plank J, Sun ZP. Investigation on the Optimal Chemical Structure of Methacrylate Ester Based Polycarboxylate Superplasticizers to be Used as Cement Grinding Aid under Laboratory Conditions: Effect of Anionicity, Side Chain Length and Dosage on Grinding Efficiency, Mortar Workability and Strength Development[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2019, 224: 1018-1025.

[30] Cheng F, Feng Y, Su QQ, et al. Practical Strategy to Produce Ultrafine Ceramic Glaze: Introducing a Polycarboxylate Grinding Aid to the Grinding Process[J]. Advanced Powder Technology, 2019, 30(8): 1655-1663.

[31] Heller T, Honert TMD. Cement Additives Based on PCE[J]. ZKG Int., 2011, 2: 40-48.

[32] Irassar EF, Violini D, Rahhal VF, et al. Influence of Limestone Content, Gypsum Content and Fineness on Early Age Properties of Portland Limestone Cement Produced by Inter-grinding[J]. Cement & Concrete Composites, 2011, 33(2): 192-200.

[33] Antiohos SK, Papadakis VG, Chaniotakis E, et al. Improving the Performance of Ternary Blended Cements by Mixing Different Types of Fly Ashes[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2007, 37(6): 877-885.

[34] Zhang XW, Lu CX, Shen JY. Influence of Tartaric Acid on Early Hydration and Mortar Performance of Portland Cement-calcium Aluminate Cement-anhydrite Binder[J]. Constr. Build. Mater., 2016, 112: 877-884.