Study on Camellia Oleifera Protein based Wood Adhesive by Epoxy Resin and Its Crosslinking Mechanism

Abstract

Epoxy resin (EPR) was used to crosslink with Camellia oleifera Abel. protein to prepare wood adhesive, and the bonding performance and curing characteristics of which were mainly investigated, and the synthesis mechanism was also discussed by using model compounds. The experimental results show that EPR can significantly improve the bonding performance of Camellia oleifera Abel. protein-based adhesive, and the maximum of which reaches 0.72 MPa satisfies the strength requirement of Type II plywood in GB/T 17657-2013. After alkali treatment, the protein can more easily crosslink with EPR at low curing temperature, and the adhesive has high degree of crystallinity of curing products, high degree of crosslinking reaction, and high bonding strength. The reaction mechanism of EPR-modified Camellia oleifera Abel. protein adhesive can be divided into resinification phase and curing phase.

Keywords

Camellia oleifera protein / epoxy resin / crosslinking / wood adhesive

References

[1] Chen N, Zheng P, Zeng Q, et al. Characterization and Performance of Soy-based Adhesives Cured with Epoxy Resin[J]. Polymers, 2017, 9(12): 514

[2] Liang J, Wu Z, Lei H, et al. The Reaction between Furfuryl Alcohol and Model Compound of Protein[J]. Polymers, 2017, 9(12): 711

[3] Gao Q, Liu Z, Li J. Research Progress of Soy Protein Adhesive for Wood-based Composites[J]. Journal of Forestry Engineering, 2020, 5(2): 1-11.

[4] Jin C, Zhang S, Pang J, et al. Plywood with Soy Protein-acrylate Hybrid Adhesive[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2014, 884–885: 108-111.

[5] Luo J, Zhang J, Gao Q, et al. Toughening and Enhancing Melamine Urea Formaldehyde Resin Properties via in Situ Polymerization of Dialdehyde Starch and Microphase Separation[J]. Polymers, 2019, 11(7): 1 167

[6] Baishya P, Maji T. Studies on Effects of Different Cross-linkers on the Properties of Starch-based Wood Composites[J]. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., 2014, 2(7): 1 760-1 768.

[7] Pizzi A. The Chemistry and Development of Tannin/Urea-formaldehyde Condensates for Exterior Wood Adhesives[J]. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 1979, 23(9): 2 777-2 792.

[8] Lu L, Dong M, Yang T, et al. Improvement of Reaction Ability of Mimosa Tannin with Formaldehyde by Photocatalysis[J]. Journal of Forestry Engineering, 2020, 5(1): 69-74.

[9] Li R, Gutierrez J, Chung Y, et al. A Lignin-epoxy Resin Derived from Biomass as an Alternative to Formaldehyde-based Wood Adhesives[J]. Green Chem., 2018, 20(7): 1 459-1 466.

[10] Huang C, He J, Liang C, et al. Progress in Applications of High Value-added Lignin Materials[J]. Journal of Forestry Engineering, 2019, 4(1): 17-26.

[11] Zhang S, Li X. Hypoglycemic Activity in vitro of Polysaccharides from Camellia Oleifera Abel. Seed Cake[J]. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 2018, 115: 811-819.

[12] Wu Z, Xi X, Yu L, et al. An Eco-friendly Urea-formaldehyde Resin: Preparation, Structure and Properties[J]. Wood Research, 2018, 63(1): 45-56.

[13] Zheng P, Li Y, Li F, et al. Development of Defatted Soy Flour-based Adhesives by Acid Hydrolysis of Carbonhydrates[J]. Polymers, 2017, 9(5): 153

[14] Guo M, Wang G. Milk Protein Polymer and Its Application in Environmentally Safe Adhesives[J]. Polymers, 2016, 8(9): 324

[15] Li J, Luo J, Li X, et al. Soybean Meal-based Wood Adhesive Enhanced by Ethylene Glycol Diglycidyl Ether and Diethylenetriamine[J]. Ind. Crop. Prod., 2015, 74: 613-618.

[16] Cheng S, Yin H, Chen M, et al. Preparation of Waste Newspaper Reinforced Soy-based Adhesive and Its Boiling Water Resistance Performance[J]. Journal of Forestry Engineering, 2020, 5(6): 82-87.

[17] Zhou H, Wang C, Ye J, et al. New Triterpene Saponins from the Seed Cake of Camellia oleifera and Their Cytotoxic Activity[J]. Phytochem. Lett., 2014, 8: 46-51.

[18] Di T, Yang S, Du F, et al. Cytotoxic and Hypoglycemic Activity of Triterpenoid Saponins from Camellia Oleifera Abel. Seed Pomace[J]. Molecules, 2017, 22(10): 1 562

[19] Chen J, Chen X, Zhu Q, et al. Determination of the Domain Structure of the 7S and 11S Globulins from Soy Proteins by XRD and FTIR[J]. J. Sci. Food Agr., 2013, 93(7): 1 687-1 691.

[20] Yan X, Cai Y, Guo W, et al. Preparation of Urea-formaldehyde@Epoxy Resin Microcapsule and Its Effect on Waterborne Wood Coatings[J]. Journal of Forestry Engineering, 2019, 4(1): 160-164.

[21] Zhang A. Mechanical and Microscopic Analysis of Epoxy Resin Toughened Metakaolin-based Geopolymers[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed., 2020, 35(2): 431-434.

[22] Ma Z, Chang S, Li M, et al. Effect of E-44 Epoxy Resin and Pyrolysis Temperature on the Adhesion Strength of SiBCN Ceramic[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed., 2020, 35(1): 81-86.