Microstructure and Properties of Graphene Oxide-doped TiO₂ Coating on Titanium by Micro Arc Oxidation

Abstract

Micro arc oxidation (MAO) coatings doped with graphene oxide (GO) were prepared on pure titanium by adding GO and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) into a sodium silicate solution. The as-deposited coatings were comparatively analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The binding forces of the MAO, MAO+GO and MAO+GO+SDBS three coatings were measured by a scratch tester. The mechanical property of the three coatings was analyzed using the nano-indentation technique. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was tested by the electrochemical system in 3.5% NaCl solution. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared samples was evaluated by determining the degradation of methylene blue (MB) solution. The results showed that compared to the MAO coating, the morphologies and phase compositions of MAO+GO and MAO+GO+SDBS composite coatings were significantly different. These two composite coatings all had superior photocatalytic activity. Especially, the MAO+GO composite coating still had enhanced binding force and excellent corrosion resistance. Furthermore, the relationship between the microstructure and the properties of these three MAO coatings was analyzed.

Keywords

pure titanium / micro arc oxidation / graphene oxide / microstructure / properties

References

[1] Ye Q, He G. In–situ Formed Graded Microporous Structure in Titanium Alloys and Its Effect on the Mechanical Properties[J]. Mater. Des., 2015, 83: 295-300.

[2] Li GR, Li YM, Wang FF, et al. Microstructure and Performance of Solid TC4 Titanium Alloy Subjected to the High Pulsed Magnetic Field Treatmen[J]. J. Alloy. Compd., 2015, 644: 750-756.

[3] Wang Y, Yu HJ, Chen CZ, et al. Review of the Biocompatibility of Micro–arc Oxidation Coated Titanium Alloys[J]. Mater. Des., 2015, 85: 640-652.

[4] Ghulam H, Asif I. Application of Ceramic Film as means of Lubrication for Forming of Ti Sheet in a Highly Localized Deformation Process [J]. J. Wuhan Univ. Technol., 2014 023-1 027.

[5] Yao XH, Zhang XY, Wu HB, et al. Microstructure and Antibacterial Properties of Cu–doped TiO2 Coating on Titanium by Micro–arc oxidation [J]. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2014, 292: 944-947.

[6] Li H, Sun YZ, Zhang J. Effect of ZrO2 Particle on the Performance of Micro–arc Oxidation Coatings on Ti6Al4V[J]. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2015, 342: 183-190.

[7] Di SC, Guo YP, Lv HW, et al. Microstructure and Properties of Rare Earth CeO2–doped TiO2 Nanostructured Composite Coatings through Micro–arc Oxidation[J]. Ceram. Int., 2015, 41: 6 178-6 186.

[8] Wang JH, Wang J, Lu Y, et al. Effects of Single Pulse Energy on the Properties of Ceramic Coating Prepared by Micro–arc Oxidation on Ti Alloy[J]. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2015, 324: 405-413.

[9] Han I, Choi JH, Hong KB, et al. Characterization of Micro–arc Oxidized titanium[J]. J. Wuhan Univ. Technol., 2005 178-180.

[10] He J, Cai QZ, Ji YG, et al. Influence of Fluorine on the Structure and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO₂ Film Prepared in Tungstate–electrolyte via Micro–arc Oxidation[J]. J. Alloy. Compd., 2009, 482: 476-481.

[11] Lee JH, Youn JI, Kim YJ, et al. Photocatalytic Characteristics of Boron and Nitrogen Doped Titania Film Synthesized by Micro–arc Oxidation [J]. Ceram. Int., 2015, 41: 11 899-11 907.

[12] Xiang N, Song RG, Xiang B, et al. A Study on Photocatalytic Activity of Micro–arc Oxidation TiO2 Films and Ag+/MAO–TiO2 Composite Films[J]. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2015, 347: 454-460.

[13] Kaseem M, Lee YH, Ko YG. Incorporation of MoO2 and ZrO2 Particles into the Oxide Film Formed on 7075 Al Alloy via Micro–arc Oxidation [J]. Mater. Lett., 2016, 182: 260-263.

[14] Shokouhfar M, Allahkaram SR. Formation Mechanism and Surface Characterization of Ceramic Composite Coatings on Pure Titanium Prepared by Micro–arc Oxidation in Electrolytes Containing Nanoparticles [J]. Surf. Coat. Technol., 2016, 291: 396-405.

[15] Zhong YS, Shi LP, Li MW, et al. Characterization and Thermal Shock Behavior of Composite Ceramic Coating Doped with ZrO2 Particles on TC4 by Micro–arc Oxidation[J]. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2014, 311: 158-163.

[16] Dou JH, Yu HJ, Chen CZ, et al. Formation of Calcium Phosphate Coating on Mg–Zn–Ca Alloy by Micro–arc Oxidation Technique[J]. Mater. Lett., 2016, 164: 575-578.

[17] Lv JH, Chen H, Gu WC, et al. Effects of Graphite Additives in Electrolytes on the Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Alumina PEO Coatings[J]. Curr. Appl. Phys., 2009, 9: 324-328.

[18] Ma KJ, Bosta MMSA, Wu WT, et al. Preparation of Self–lubricating Composite Coatings through a Micro–arc Plasma Oxidation with Graphite in Electrolyte Solution[J]. Surf. Coat. Technol., 2014, 259: 318-324.

[19] Valentini L. Fabrication of Three–dimensional Patterns of Reduced Graphene Oxide through Grid–assisted Deposition[J]. Mater. Lett., 2015, 157: 265-268.

[20] Kalisz M, Grobelny M, Mazur M, et al. Mechanical and Electrochemical Properties of Nb2O5, Nb2O5:Cu and Graphene Layers Deposited on Titanium Alloy (Ti6Al4V)[J]. Surf. Coat. Technol., 2015, 271: 92-99.

[21] Oakes L, Cohn AP, Westover AS, et al. Electrophoretic Stabilization of Freestanding Pristine Graphene Foams with Carbon Nanotubes for Enhanced Optical and Electrical Response[J]. Mater. Lett., 2015, 159: 261-264.

[22] Lee DW, Seo JW. Sp2/sp3 Carbon Ratio in Graphite Oxide with Different Preparation Times[J]. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2011, 115: 2705-2708.

[23] Si YC, Samulski ET. Synthesis of Water Soluble Graphene[J]. Nano Lett., 2008, 8: 1 679-1 682.

[24] Li JM, Cai H, Xue XN, et al. The outward–inward Growth Behavior of Microarc Oxidation Coatings in Phosphate and Silicate Solution[J]. Mater. Lett., 2010, 64: 2102-2104.

[25] Fox–Rabinovich GS, Beake BD, Endrino JL, et al. Effect of Mechanical Properties Measured at Room and Elevated Temperatures on the Wear Resistance of Cutting Tools with TiAlN and AlCrN Coatings[J]. Surf. Coat Technol., 2006, 200: 5 738-5 742.

[26] Hsu CH, Chen KZ, Lin ZH, et al. Bias Effects on the Tribological Behavior of Cathodic Arc Evaporated CrTiAlN Coatings on AISI 304 Stainless Steel[J]. Thin Solid Films, 2010, 518: 3 825-3 829.

[27] Wang CJ, Jiang BL, Liu M, et al. Corrosion Characterization of Micro–arc Oxidization Composite Electrophoretic Coating on AZ31B Magnesium Alloy[J]. J. Alloy. Compd., 2015, 621: 53-61.

[28] Veys–Renaux D, Barchiche CE, Rocca E. Corrosion Behavior of AZ91Mg Alloy Anodized by Low–energy Micro–arc Oxidation: Effect of Aluminates and Silicates[J]. Surf. Coat. Technol., 2014, 251: 232-238.

[29] Zheng JY, Bao SH, Guo Y, et al. TiO2Films Prepared by DC Reactive Magnetron Sputtering at Room Temperature: Phase Control and Photocatalytic Properties[J]. Surf. Coat. Technol., 2014, 240: 293-300.

[30] Perumal ST. Photocatalytic Studies of Anatase and Rutile Phase TiO₂ Nanocrystals Prepared via Solvothermal Method[J]. Inter. J. Eng. Res. Appl., 2015, 5: 115-118.