Preparation and Performance of Si⁴⁺-doping Rod-shaped TiO₂ Powder by Nonhydrolytic Sol-gel Method

Abstract

Titania (TiO₂) nanorod powder was prepared by nonhydrolytic sol-gel method using titanic chloride (TiCl₄) as titanium source, methylene dichloride (CH₂Cl₂) as solvent, absolute ethyl alcohol (CH₃CH₂OH) as oxygen donor. The effects of Si⁴⁺ doping on the TiO₂ nanocrystalline phase transformation temperature were systematically researched. The results showed that when the molar ratio of Ti⁴⁺ to Si⁴⁺ is 1 to1.3, TiO₂ prepared by calcination at 1100 °C for 1 hour exhibits rod shape and has good photocatalytic activity. Doping of Si⁴⁺ makes glass phase core-shell structure forming on the surface of anatase crystal particles, which can inhibit crystal phase transformation and raise the transformation temperature, making TiO₂ stable in anatase phase at 1200 °C.

Keywords

nonhydrolytic sol-gel method / anatase / doping / nanorod / photocatalytic activity

References

[1] Caothang D, Thanhdinh N, Freddy K, et al. A Solvothermal Single-Step Route Towards Shape-Controlled Titanium Dioxide Nanocrystals[J]. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2011, 9999: 1-10.

[2] Wang C, Deng Z, Li Yadong. The Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Anatase and Rutile Titania in Mixed Organic Media[J]. Inorganic Chemistry, 2001, 40: 5210-5214.

[3] Barbara G, Marta G, Bogumil K, et al. Preparation and Characterization of Single-Modified TiO₂ for Pigmentary Applications[J]. Industral Engineering Chemistry Research, 2011, 50: 6535-6542.

[4] Wang J, Chen Qianlin. Particles and Influences on Photocatalytic Activity[J]. Journal of Guizhou University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2006, 35: 25-28.

[5] Mahandrimanana A, Robert C, Dominique L, et al. Mixed Oxides SiO₂–ZrO₂ and SiO₂–TiO₂ by a Non-hydrolytic Sol–gel Route[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 1996, 10: 1665-1671.

[6] Georg G, Markus Niederberger. Nonaqueous and Surfactant-free Synthesis Routes to Metal Oxide Nanoparticles[J]. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2006, 89(6): 1801-1808.

[7] Lee E, Hong J, Kang H, et al. Synthesis of TiO₂ Nanorod-decorated Graphene Sheets and Their Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Activities under Visible-light Irradiation[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2012, 219-220: 13-18.

[8] Jia H, Zhang Z, Zhao H, et al. Nonaqueous Sol-gel Synthesis and Growth Mechanism of Single Crystalline TiO₂ Nanorods with High Photocatalytic Activity[J]. Mateials Research Bullttin, 2009, 44: 1312-1316.

[9] Bonil K, Jongnam P, Yukyeong Kim. Simultaneous Phase-and Size-controlled Synthesis of TiO₂ Nanorods via Non-hydrolytic Sol-gel Reaction of Syringe Pump Delivered Precursors[J]. Jouranl of the Physical Chemistry B, 2006, 10: 24318-24323.

[10] Jin Zhu. Study of Crystal Phase Structure and Photocatalysis of TiO2 Nanocrystal, 2006 Shanghai: Fudan Universtiy.

[11] Liu C, Sun H, Yang Shihe. From Nanorods to Atomically Thin Wires of Anatase TiO₂ Nonhydrolytic Synthesis and Characterization[J]. Chemistry-A European Journal, 2010, 16: 4381-4393.