Effect of typical elements on the heredity of hot-rolled and annealed texture in non-oriented electrical steel

Abstract

Macroscopic texture and microscopic orientation in hot-rolled and annealed sheets of non-oriented electrical steel were studied by XRD and EBSD techniques. The microstructure of hot-rolled and annealed samples was studied by OM. Experimental results indicate that a strong heredity is observed in texture evolution between hot-rolled texture and annealed texture. Typical elements have a large effect on the recrystallization microstructure and texture distribution. The texture distribution through thickness is highly affected by recrystallization in hot rolled sheets. The recrystallization is boosted by Si and Al. Goss grains originate from cracked initial <100> columnar grains. {110}<112>, {112}<111> and {111}<112> grains are related to Goss grains. In subsurface lay of hot rolled sheets, Al can strengthen Goss texture and weaken copper-type texture. {112}<111> texture and {110}<112> texture are strengthened by Si. In the central layers, {100}<001> texture and {111}<121> texture are weakened by Al. {100}<011> texture is increased by Al. Si can increase the proportion of γ-fiber texture and decrease that of {100}<011> texture. In annealed texture, {100}<001> texture and Goss texture are decreased by Al and Si. γ-fiber texture is increased by Si and {111}<121> texture is preferentially increased by Al. The recrystallized grain size is increased and iron loss of annealed sheets is reduced by Al and Si, which means that the magnetic properties are optimized by the Al and Si content.

Keywords

texture heredity / typical elements / hot rolling / annealing / electrical steel

References

[1] Fang F, Xu Y, Zhang Y, et al. Evolution of Recrystallization Microstructure and Texture during Rapid Annealing in Strip-cast Nonoriented Electrical Steels[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2015, 381: 433-439.

[2] Shi W, Liu J, Li C. Effect of Cutting Techniques on the Structure and Magnetic Properties of a High-grade Non-oriented Electrical Steel[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Materials Science Edition, 2014, 29(6): 1 246-1 251.

[3] Houbaert Y, Ros-Yáñez T, Monsalve A, et al. Texture Evolution in Experimental Grades of High-silicon Electrical Steel[C]. Physica B: Condensed MatterLAW3M-05 Proceedings of the Seventh Latin American Workshop on Magnetism, Magnetic Materials and their Applications., 2006, 384(1-2): 310-312.

[4] Li H, Liu H, Liu Z, et al. Characterization of Microstructure, Texture and Magnetic Properties in Twin-roll Casting High Silicon Nonoriented Electrical Steel[J]. Materials Characterization, 2014, 88: 1-6.

[5] Sidor JJ, Verbeken K, Gomes E, et al. Through Process Texture Evolution and Magnetic Properties of High Si Non-oriented Electrical Steels[J]. Materials Characterization, 2012, 71: 49-57.

[6] Moseley D, Hu Y, Randle V, et al. Role of Silicon Content and Final Annealing Temperature on Microtexture and Microstructure Development in Non-oriented Silicon Steel[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2005, 392(1-2): 282-291.

[7] Wan Y, Chen W. Effect of Boron Content on the Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of Non-oriented Electrical Steels[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Materials Science Edition, 2015, 30(3): 574-579.

[8] Barros J, Ros-Yañez T, Vandenbossche L, et al. The Effect of Si and Al Concentration Gradients on the Mechanical and Magnetic Properties of Electrical Steel[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Proceedings of the Joint European Magnetic Symposia (JEMS' 04)., 2005 290-291.

[9] Li J, Sun Y, Zhao Y, et al. Effect of Al Content on Magnetic Properties of Non-Oriented Electrical Steel by Simulated CSP Process[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, International., 2007, 14(1): 364-367.

[10] He G. Electrical Steels[M]. 1997 Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press. 280-286.

[11] Hou C, Fu C, Lee S. The Effect of Aluminum on the Magnetic Properties of Lamination Steels[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1991, 27(5): 4305-4 309.

[12] Chen S, Butler J, Melzer S. Effect of Asymmetric Hot Rolling on Texture, Microstructure and Magnetic Properties in a Non-grain Oriented Electrical Steel[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2014, 368: 342-352.

[13] Bai S, Tian C. Influence of Silicon on the Recovery and Recrystallization of the Cold-drawn Si-Mn Dual-phase Steels[J]. Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, 1992, 4: 463-469.

[14] Li J, Sun Y, Zhao Y, et al. Effect of Al Content on Magnetic Properties of Non-Oriented Electrical Steel by Simulated CSP Process[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, International, 2007, 14(1): 364-367.

[15] Shimizu Y, Ito Y, Iida Y. Formation of the Goss Orientation near the Surface of 3 Pct Silicon Steel during Hot Rolling[J]. Metallurgical & Materials Transactions A, 1986, 17(8): 1 323-1 334.

[16] Tang W, Xiang L, Qiu S, et al. Texture Evolution of 50W600 Nonoriented Silicon Steel during Rolling and Annealing Process[J]. Materials for Mechanical Engineering, 2014, 8: 28-32.

[17] Shao Y, Yang P, Fu Y, et al. Texture Evolution of Columnar Grains in Electrical Steel During Hot Rolling[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, International, 2013, 20(10): 99-106.

[18] Ray RK, Jonas JJ, Butrón-Guillén M P, et al. Transformation Textures in Steels[J]. International Materials Reviews, 1989, 35(12): 927-942.

[19] Liu HT, Schneider J, Li HL, et al. Fabrication of High Permeability Non-oriented Electrical Steels by Increasing <001> Recrystallization Texture Using Compacted Strip Casting Processes[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2015, 374: 577-586.

[20] Xu YB, Zhang YX, Wang Y, et al. Evolution of Cube Texture in Stripcast Non-oriented Silicon Steels[J]. Scripta Materialia, 2014, 87: 17-20.

[21] Park J, Szpunar JA. Evolution of Recrystallization Texture in Nonoriented Electrical Steels[J]. Acta Materialia, 2003, 51(11): 3 037-3 051.