Preparation and ammonia adsorption performance of titanium phosphonate adsorbent materials with hierarchically porous structure

Abstract

Titanium phosphonate adsorbent materials with hierarchically porous structure were fabricated using the hydrolysis of tetrabutyl titanate in different organophosphonic acids solutions. Based on the macroporous structure of 100-2000 nm in size, a worm-hole like mesostructure was in the macropore walls, which was supported by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and N₂ sorption analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) data indicated the organic groups inside the solid materials framework. NH₃ adsorption detection was performed using titanium phosphonate adsorbent materials and some significant results were obtained. The adsorption mechanism was also discussed in this study. Large adsorption amount (75.2 mg/g) was mainly attributed to the acid site via acid-base reactions and the physical adsorption site via Van der Waals forces. Resultant materials could effectively restrain the desorption of adsorbent NH₃ back into air causing secondary pollution, so it could make a promising potential use in decontamination of gas pollutants in the future.

Keywords

ammonia / adsorption / titanium phosphonate / hierarchical pores

References

[1] Sharma M, Vyas RK, Singh K. A Review on Reactive Adsorption for Potential Environmental Applications[J]. Adsorption, 2013, 19(1): 161-188.

[2] Liu CY, Aika KI. Ammonia Adsorption on Ion Exchanged Y-zeolites as Ammonia Storage Material[J]. Journal of the Japan Petroleum Institute, 2003, 46(5): 301-307.

[3] Deka RC, Ajitha D, Hirao K. Adsorption of Small Molecules in Zeolite: A Local Hard-soft Acid-base Approach[J]. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2003, 107: 8574-8577.

[4] Long Z, Bu XB, Lu ZN, et al. Preparation of Ammonia Adsorbent by Carbonizing and Activating Mixture of Biomass Material and Hygroscopic Salt[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed., 2015, 30: 271-275.

[5] Gonçalves M, Sánchez-García L, Jardim EDO, et al. Ammonia Removal Using Activated Carbons: Effect of the Surface Chemistry in Dry and Moist Conditions[J]. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2011, 45: 10605-10610.

[6] Saha D, Deng SG. Adsorption Equilibrium and Kinetics of CO₂, CH4, N₂O, and NH3 on Ordered Mesoporous Carbon [J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2010, 345(2): 402-409.

[7] Yan T, Li TX, Wang RZ, et al. Experimental Investigation on the Ammonia Adsorption and Heat Transfer Characteristics of the Packed Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2015, 77: 20-29.

[8] Saha D, Deng DS. Characteristics of Ammonia Adsorption on Activated Alumina[J]. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 2010, 55(12): 5587-5593.

[9] Seredych M, Bandosz TJ. Mechanism of Ammonia Retention on Graphite Oxides: Role of Surface Chemistry and Structure[J]. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2007, 111: 15596-15604.

[10] Seredych M, Petit C, Tamashausky AV, et al. Role of Graphite Precursor in the Performance of Graphite Oxides as Ammonia Adsorbents [J]. Carbon, 2009, 47: 445-456.

[11] Leuch LM, Bandosz TJ. The Role of Water and Surface Acidity on the Reactive Adsorption of Ammonia on Modified Activated Carbons[J]. Carbon, 2007, 45: 568-578.

[12] Bandosz TJ, Petit C. On the Reactive Adsorption of Ammonia on Activated Carbons Modified by Impregnation with Inorganic Compounds [J]. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2009, 338: 329-345.

[13] Sharonov VE, Aristov YI. Ammonia Adsorption by MgCl₂, CaCl₂ and BaCl₂ Confined to Porous Alumina: The Fixed Bed Adsorber [J]. React.Kinet. Lett., 2005, 85(1): 183-188.

[14] Yan T, Li TX, Li H, et al. Experimental Study of the Ammonia Adsorption Characteristics on the Composite Sorbent of CaCl₂ and Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2014, 46: 165-172.

[15] Zhai R, Jiao FL, Lin HJ, et al. Progress in Metal-organic Frameworks [J]. Chinese Journal of Chromatography, 2014, 32: 107-116.

[16] Britt D, Tranchemontagne D, Yaghi OM. Metal-organic Frameworks with High Capacity and Selectivity for Harmful Gases[J]. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, 2008, 105: 11623-11627.

[17] Rowsell JLC, Yaghi OM. Metal-organic Frameworks: A New Class of Porous Materials[J]. Microporous Mesoporous Mater., 2004, 73: 3-14.

[18] Mueller U, Schubert M, Teich F, et al. Metal-organic Frameworksprospective Industrial Applications[J]. J.Mater. Chem., 2006, 16: 626-636.

[19] Furtado AMB, Liu J, Wang Y, et al. Mesoporous Silica-metal Organic Composite: Synthesis, Characterization, and Ammonia Adsorption [J]. J. Mater. Chem., 2011, 21: 6698-6706.

[20] Bashkova S, Bandosz TJ. Effect of Surface Chemical and Structural Heterogeneity of Copper-based MOF/Graphite Oxide Composites on the Adsorption of Ammonia[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2014, 417: 109-114.

[21] Petit C, Wrabetz S, Bandosz TJ. Microcalorimetric Insight into the Analysis of the Reactive Adsorption of Ammonia on Cu-MOF and Its Composite with Graphite Oxide[J]. J. Mater. Chem., 2012, 22: 21443-21447.

[22] Fu YY, Yan XP. Metal-organic Framework Composites[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2013, 25: 221-232.

[23] Long PP, Cheng SJ, Zhao Q, et al. Development of Synthesis of Metal Organic Frameworks[J]. Shanxi Chemistry Industry, 2008, 28: 21-25.

[24] Zhang XJ, Ma TY, Yuan ZY. Titania-phosphonate Hybrid Porous Materials: Preparation, Photocatalytic Activity and Heavy Metal Ion Adsorption[J]. J. Mater. Chem., 2008, 18: 2003-2010.

[25] Ma TY, Lin XZ, Yuan ZY. Periodic Mesoporous Titanium Phosphonate Hybrid Materials[J]. J. Mater. Chem., 2010, 20: 7406-7415.

[26] Ma TY, Zhang XJ, Yuan ZY. Hierarchically Meso-/Macroporous Titanium Tetraphosphonate Materials: Synthesis, Photocatalytic Activity and Heavy Metal Ion Adsorption[J]. Microporous Mesoporous Materials, 2009, 123: 234-242.

[27] Ren TZ, Yuan ZY, Azioune A, et al. Tailoring the Porous Hierarchy of Titanium Phosphates [J]. Langmuir, 2006, 22: 3886-3894.

[28] Ma TY, Lin XZ, Yuan ZY, et al. High Surface Area Titanium Phosphonate Materials with Hierarchical Porosity for Multi-phase Adsorption[J]. New J. Chem., 2010, 34: 1209-1216.

[29] Shao GS, Zhang XJ, Yuan ZY. High-performance Visible-lightinduced TiO₂-xNx Photocatalysts with Hierarchical Porosity[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2008, 82: 208-218.

[30] Shao GS, Ma TY, Yuan ZY, et al. Phosphorus and Nitrogen Codoped Titania Photocatalysts with a Hierarchical Meso-/macroporous Structure [J]. Journal of Material Science, 2009, 44: 6754-6763.

[31] Soler-Illia GJAA, Louis A, Sanchez C. Synthesis and Characterization of Mesostructured Titania-based Materials through Evaporation-Induced self-assembly[J]. Chem. Mater., 2002, 14: 750-759.

[32] Ma TY, Ren TZ, Yuan ZY. Synthesis and Photocatalytic Performance of Hierarchical Porous Titanium Phosphonate Hybrid Materials[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2010, 132: 87-95.