Effect of attapulgite added in plating bath on the properties of Ni/TiC nano-composite coatings

Abstract

Pure copper plates were coated by Ni-TiC dipulse current plating method. The effects of adding different concentration(ranging from 0.5 g/L to 3.0 g/L) of attapulgite nano particles to the plating bath on the surface morphology, wear resistance, and oxidation resistance of Ni/TiC/Attapulgite nano-composite coatings were investigated. The experimental results show that the composite coating is flat and compact with adding 3.0 g/L in the bath, and the coating preferred orientation is changed from the planes (111) to (200). The coefficient of the composite coatings decreases from 0.68 to 0.18 with increasing content of attapulgite in the bath, a mixed mode of adhesive-abrasive wear occurs for all coatings, and the wear mechanism shows a transition from adhesive-abrasive to predominantly abrasive wear mechanism when the concentration of attapulgite is beyond 1.5 g/L in electrolyte. The oxidation resistance of composite coatings is the best prepared when adding attapulgite particles at 0.5 g/L in the bath, the oxide mainly consists of a NiO phase by X-ray analysis.

Keywords

Ni-TiC composite coating / dipulse electrodeposition / attapulgite / wear resistance / oxidation resistance

References

[1] Chen XH, Cheng FQ, Li S L, et al. Electrodeposited Nickel Composites Containing Carbon Nanotubes[J]. Surface and Coating Technology, 2002, 155(2/3): 274-278.

[2] Gyftou P, Pavlatou EA, Spyrellis N. Effect of Pulse Electrodeposition Parameters on the Properties of Ni/nano-SiC Composites[J]. Applied surface science, 2008, 254(18): 5910-5916.

[3] Thiemig D, Bund A. On the Microstructure and Phase Identification of Plasma Nitrided17–4PH Precipitation Hardening Stainlesssteel[J]. Surface and Coating Technology, 2008, 202(13): 2976-2984.

[4] Spanou S, Pavlatou EA, Spyrellis N. Ni/nano-TiO₂ Composite Electrodeposits: Textural and Structural Modifications[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2009, 54(9): 2547-2555.

[5] Hou KH, Ger MD, Wang LM, et al. The Wear Behaviour of Electrocodeposited Ni-SiC Composites[J]. Wear, 2002, 253(9/10): 994-1003.

[6] Kim SK, Yoo HJ. Formation of Bilayer Ni-SiC Composite Coatings by Electrodeposition[J]. Surface and Coating Technology, 1998, 108–109: 564-569.

[7] Stroumbouli M, Gyftou P, Pavlatou EA, et al. Codeposition of Ultrafine WC Particles in Ni Matrix Composite Electrocoatings[J]. Surface and Coating Technology, 2005, 195(2/3): 325-332.

[8] Kentepozidou A, Kiparissides C, Kotzia F, et al. Nickel/microcapsules Composite Electrocoatings: the Synthesis of Water-containing Microcapsules and Preparation of the Coatings[J]. Journal of Materials Science, 1996, 31(5): 1175-1181.

[9] Guo C, Zuo Y, Zhao X, et al. The Effects of Electrodeposition Current Density on Properties of Ni-CNTs Composite Coatings[J]. Surface and Coating Technology, 2008, 202(14): 3246-3250.

[10] Liu ZD, Tian J, Li B, et al. Microstructure and Mechanical Behaviors of in Situ TiC Particulates Reinforced Ni Matrix Composites[J]. Materials Science & Engineering:A, 2010, 527(16/17): 3898-3903.

[11] Fratari RQ, Robin A. Production and Characterization of Electrolytic Nickel-niobium Composite Coatings[J]. Surface and Coating Technology, 2006, 200(12/13): 4082-4090.

[12] Bahrololoom ME, Sani R. The Influence of Pulse Plating Parameters on the Hardness and Wear Resistance of Nickel-alumina Composite Coatings[J]. Surface and Coating Technology, 2005, 192(2/3): 154-163.

[13] Yuan XT, Wang Y, Sun DB, et al. Influence of Pulse Parameters on the Microstructure and Microhardness of Nickel Electrodeposits[J]. Surface and Coating Technology, 2008, 202(9): 1895-1903.

[14] Chen H, Wang A. Kinetic and Isothermal Studies of Lead Ion Adsorption onto Palygorskite Clay[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2007, 307(2): 309-316.

[15] Huang J, Liu Y, Liu Y, et al. Effect of Attapulgite Pore Size Distribution on Soybean Oil Bleaching[J]. Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2007, 84(7): 687-692.

[16] Zhao D, Zhao J, Liu N. Surface Characteristics and Photoactivity of Silver-modified Palygorskite Clays Coated with Nanosized Titanium Dioxide Particles[J]. Materials Characterization, 2007, 58(3): 249-255.

[17] Melo DMA, Ruiz JAC, Melo MAF, et al. Martinelli.Preparation and Characterization of Lanthanum Palygorskite Clays as Acid Catalysts[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2002, 344(1/2): 352-355.

[18] Miao S, Liu Z, Zhang Z, et al. Ionic liquid-assisted Immobilization of Rh on Attapulgite and its Application in Cyclohexene Hydrogenation[J]. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2007, 111(5): 2185-2190.

[19] Zhao D, Zhou J, Liu N. Characterization of the Structure and Catalytic Activity of Copper Modified Palygorskite/TiO₂ (Cu²⁺-PG/TiO₂) Catalysts[J]. Materials Science & Engineering:A, 2006, 431(1/2): 256-262.