Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of effective adsorption of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol onto calcine Mg/Al-CO₃ layered double hydroxide

Abstract

Adsorption of 2, 4, 6-trichlorophenol (TCP) onto the calcined Mg/Al-CO₃ layered double hydroxide (CLDH) was investigated. The prepared Mg/Al-CO₃ layered double hydroxide (LDH) and CLDH were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermo gravimetric analyzer-differential scanning calorimeters (TG-DSC). Moreover, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) was removed effectively (94.7% of removal percentage in 9 h) under the optimized experimental conditions. The adsorption kinetics data fitted the pseudo-second-order model well. The Freundlich, Langmuir, and Tempkin adsorption models were applied to the experimental equilibrium adsorption data at different temperatures of solution. The adsorption data fitted the Freundlieh adsorption isotherm with good values of the correlation coefficient. A mechanism of the adsorption process is proposed according to the intraparticle diffusion model, which indicates that the overall rate of adsorption can be described as three steps.

Keywords

2,4,6-trichlorophenol / calcined Mg/Al-CO₃ layered double hydroxide / adsorption isotherm / thermodynamic / kinetics

References

[1] Jiang M, Niu SQ, Zhan HY, et al. Research Advances in Biodegradation of Chlorophenols in Environment[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2003, 14(6): 1003-1006.

[2] Nikolaou AD, Kostopoulou MN, Lekkas TD. Organic By-roducts of Drinking Water Chlorination[J]. Global NEST: The International Journal, 1999, 1(3): 143-156.

[3] Fingler S, Dravenkar V. Chlorophenols in the Sava River before, in and after the Zagreb City Area. Impact on the Purity of the City Ground and Drinking Waters[J]. Toxicol. Environ. Chem., 1988, 17: 319-328.

[4] Chen GC, Shan XQ, Wang YS, et al. Adsorption of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol by Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes as Affected by Cu(II) [J]. Water Res., 2009, 43: 2409-2418.

[5] Tan IA, Ahmad AL, Hameed BH. Adsorption Isotherms, Kinetics, Thermodynamics and Desorption Studies of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol on Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-based Activated Carbon[J]. J. Hazard. Mater., 2009, 164: 473-482.

[6] Eker S, Kargi F. Biological Treatment of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (TCP) Containing Wastewater in a Hybrid Bioreactor System with Effluent Recycle[J]. J. Environ. Manage., 2009, 90(2): 692-698.

[7] Konsyantinos CC, Eleni S, Maria L, et al. Mechanism of Catalytic Degradation of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol by a Fe-porphyrin Catalyst[J]. Appl. Catal. B-Environ., 2011, 101: 417-424.

[8] Gaya UI, Abdullah AH, Hussein M Z, et al. Photocatalytic Removal of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol from Water Exploiting Commercial ZnO Powder[J]. Desalination, 2010, 263: 176-182.

[9] Bulut Y, Gozubenli N, Aydin H. Equilibrium and Kinetics Studies for Adsorption of Direct Blue 71 from Aqueous Solution by Wheat Shells[J]. J. Hazard. Mater., 2007, 144: 300-306.

[10] Wang XP, Shan XQ, Luo L, et al. Sorption of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol in Model Humic Acid-clay Systems[J]. J. Agric. Food. Chem., 2005, 53: 3548-3555.

[11] Goh KH, Lim TT, Dong ZL. Application of Layered Double Hydroxides for Removal of Oxyanions: A Review[J]. Water Res., 2008, 42: 1343-1368.

[12] Turk T, Aip I, De veci H. Adsorption of As(V) from Water Using Mg-Fe-based Hydrotalcite (FeHT)[J]. J. Hazard. Mater., 2009, 171: 665-670.

[13] Angeles M, Gabriela JA, Getsemani MM, et al. Photoassisted Degradation of 4-Chlorophenol and p-Cresol Using MgAl Hydrotalcites[J]. Ind. Eng. Chem.Res., 2011, 50: 2762-2767.

[14] Iyi N, Sasaki T. Deintercalation of Carbonate Ions and Anion Exchange of an Al-rich MgAl-LDH (Layered Double Hydroxide)[J]. Appl.Clay. Sci., 2008, 42: 246-251.

[15] Kavitha D, Namasivayam C. Experimental and Kinetic Studies on Methylene Blue Adsorption by Coir Pith Carbon[J]. Bioresour. Technol., 2007, 98: 14-21.

[16] Tseng RL, Wu FC. Inferring the Favorable Adsorption Level and the Concurrent Multi-stage Process with the Freundlich Constant[J]. J. Hazard. Mater., 2008, 155(1-2): 277-287.

[17] Karam Y H, Sabah E, et al. Adsorption of Cobalt from Aqueous Solutions onto Sepiolite[J]. Water Res., 2003, 37(1): 224-232.

[18] Li KQ, Zheng Z, Huang XF, et al. Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies on the Adsorption of 2-Nitroaniline onto Activated Carbon Prepared from Cotton Stalk Fibre[J]. J. Hazard. Mater., 2009, 166: 213-220.

[19] Zaghouane-Boudiafa H, Boutahala M, Tiar C, et al. Treatment of 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol by MgAl-SDBS organo-layered Double Hydroxides: Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies[J]. Chem. Eng. J., 2011, 173(1): 36-414.

[20] Ho YS, Mckay GA. Comparison of Chemisorption Kinetic Models Applied to Pollutant Removal on Various Sorbents[J]. Process Saf. Environ. Prot., 1998, 76: 332-340.

[21] Ozcan A, Oncu EM, Ozcan AS. Kinetics, Isotherm and Thermodynamic of Adsorptiom of Acid Blue 193 from Aqueous Solutions onto Natural Sepiolite[J]. Colloids Surf. A, 2006, 277: 90-97.

[22] Ho YS, Ng JCY, Mckay G. Kinetics of Polutant Sorption by Biosorbents: Review[J]. Sep. Purif. Methods, 2000, 29: 189-232.

[23] Guibal E, Mccarrick P, Tobin JM. Comparison of the Adsorption of Anionic Dyes on Activated Carbon and Chitosan Derivatives from Dilute Solutions[J]. Sep. Sci. Technol., 2003, 38: 3049-3073.

[24] Mckay G, Otterburn MS, Sweeney AG. The Removal of Colour from Effluent Using Various Adsorbents-III Silica: Rate Processes[J]. Sweeney. Water Res., 1980, 14(152): 11-20.

[25] Liu W, Li LQ, Yao XL, et al. Role of Pore Structure of Activated Carbon in Adsorption for Acetone[J]. Journal of Central South University: Science and Technology, 2012, 43(4): 1574-1583.

[26] Lazaridis NK, Asouhidou DD. Kinetics of Sorptive Removal of Chromium(VI) from Aqueous Solutions by Calcined Mg-Al-CO₃ Hydrotalcite[J]. Water Res., 2003, 37: 2875-2882.