Interfacial characterization and mechanical property of Ti/Cu clad sheet produced by explosive welding and annealing

Abstract

It was aim to investigate the interfacial microstructure and shear performance of Ti/Cu clad sheet produced by explosive welding and annealing. The experimental results demonstrate that the alternate distribution of interfacial collision and vortex of flyer layer forms in the interface a few of solidification structure. TEM confirms that the interfacial interlayer contains obvious lattice distortion structure and intermetallic compounds. It interprets the explosive welding as the interfacial deformation and thermal diffusion process between dissimilar metals. The interfacial shear strength is very close to the Cu matrix strength, which is determined by the mixture of the mechanical bonding and metallurgical bonding. Several cracks exist on the shear fracture owing to the intermetallic compound in the interfacial solidification structure and also the probable welding inclusion.

Keywords

explosive welding / interface / TEM / intermetallic compound / fracture

References

[1] Findik F. Recent Developments in Explosive Welding [J]. Mater. Design, 2011, 32(3): 1081-1093.

[2] Durgutlu A, Gulenc B, Findik F. Examination of Copper/Stainless Steel Joints Formed by Explosive Welding [J]. Mater. Design, 2005, 26(6): 497-507.

[3] Acarer M, Gulenc B, Findik F. Investigation of Explosive Welding Parameters and their Effects on Microhardness and Shear Strength [J]. Mater. Design, 2003, 24(8): 659-664.

[4] Kahraman N, Gülenç B. Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Cu-Ti Plates Bonded through Explosive Welding Process [J]. J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2005, 169(1): 67-71.

[5] Meshram SD, Mohandas T, Reddy GM. Friction Welding of Dissimilar Pure Metals [J]. J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2007, 184(1–3): 330-337.

[6] Yang DK, Xiong JY, Hodgson P, et al. Influence of Deformationinduced Heating on the Bond Strength of Rolled Metal Multilayers [J]. Mater. Lett., 2009, 63(27): 2300-2302.

[7] Chen GQ, Zhang BG, Liu W, et al. Influence of Electron-beam Superposition Welding on Intermetallic Layer of Cu/Ti Joint [J]. T. Nonferr. Metal. Soc., 2012, 22(10): 2416-2420.

[8] Yang Y, Xinming Z, Zhenghua L, et al. Adiabatic Shear Band on the Titanium Side in the Ti/mild Steel Explosive Cladding Interface [J]. Acta Mater., 1996, 44(2): 561-565.

[9] Bataev IA, Bataev AA, Mali VI, et al. Structural and Mechanical Properties of Metallic-intermetallic Laminate Composites Produced by Explosive Welding and Annealing [J]. Mater. Design, 2012, 35: 225-234.

[10] Saravanan S, Raghukandan K. Thermal Kinetics in Explosive Cladding of Dissimilar Metals [J]. Sci. Technol. Weld. Joi., 2012, 17(2): 99-103.

[11] Abe A. Numerical Simulation of the Plastic Flow Field near the Bonding Surface of Explosive Welding [J]. J. Mater. Process. Technol., 1999, 85(1–3): 162-165.

[12] Cheng HC, Hsu YC, Wu CH, et al. Molecular Dynamics Study of Interfacial Bonding Strength of Self-assembled Monolayer-coated Auepoxy and Au-Au Systems [J]. Appl. Surf. Sci., 2011, 257(20): 8665-8674.

[13] Hokamoto K, Nakata K, Mori A, et al. Microstructural Characterization of Explosively Welded Rapidly Solidified Foil and Stainless Steel Plate through the Acceleration Employing Underwater Shock Wave [J]. J. Alloy. Compd., 2009, 485(1–2): 817-821.

[14] Zhao Y, Li W. Heating Effect on Bonding Strength of Interface of Cu/ Ti Composite Plates [J]. Chin. J. Nonferrous Met., 1997, 7(2): 118-121.

[15] Lee JS, Son HT, Oh IH, et al. Fabrication and Characterization of Ti-Cu Clad Materials by Indirect Extrusion [J]. J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2007, 187: 653-656.

[16] Akbarimousavi A, Alhassani S. Numerical and Experimental Studies of the Mechanism of the Wavy Interface Formations in Explosive/Impact Welding [J]. J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 2005, 53(11): 2501-2528.

[17] Li XJ, Mo F, Wang XH, et al. Numerical Study on Mechanism of Explosive Welding [J]. Sci. Technol. Weld. Joi., 2012, 17(1): 36-41.

[18] Grignon F, Benson D, Vecchio KS, et al. Explosive Welding of Aluminum to Aluminum: Analysis, Computations and Experiments [J]. Int. J. Impact Eng., 2004, 30(10): 1333-1351.

[19] Li Y, Hashimoto H, Sukedai E, et al. Morphology and Structure of Various Phases at the Bonding Interface of Al/Steel Formed by Explosive Welding [J]. J. Electron Microsc., 2000, 49(1): 5-16.

[20] Wu JP, Yang YL, Zhao HZ, et al. Micro-analysis of Explosive Cladding Interface of Nb/304L [J]. T. Nonferr. Metal. Soc., 2007, 17: S126-S130.

[21] Wang J, Misra A. An Overview of Interface-dominated Deformation Mechanisms in Metallic Multilayers [J]. Curr. Opin. Solid St. M., 2011, 15(1): 20-28.

[22] Mousavi SAAA, Al-Hassani STS, Atkins AG. Bond Strength of Explosively Welded Specimens [J]. Mater. Design, 2008, 29(7): 1334-1352.

[23] Kacar R, Acarer M. Microstructure-Property Relationship in Explosively Welded Duplex Stainless Steel-Steel [J]. Mat. Sci. Eng. A-Struct., 2003, 363(1–2): 290-296.

[24] Kahraman N, Gülenç B, Findik F. Joining of Titanium/Stainless Steel by Explosive Welding and Effect on Interface [J]. J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2005, 169(2): 127-133.

[25] Babu SS, Reidenbach F, David SA, et al. Effect of High Energy Density Welding Processes on Inclusion and Microstructure Formation in Steel Welds [J]. Sci. Technol. Weld. Joi., 1999, 4(2): 63-73.