The synthesis, characterization, photocatalytic evaluation and deactivation behavior of sheet-like nano titania

Abstract

The sheet-like nano TiO₂ particles were prepared by using hydrothermal method, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), infrared spectroscopy(IR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It is found that the nanoparticle sizes and crystallinity increase with the increase of hydrothermal temperature from 150 °C to 160 °C, and then to 180 °C. With the increase of particle sizes, the absorption capacities and photocatalytic abilities of as-prepared TiO₂ particles for crystal violet become better and better. The nano TiO₂ with big particles is more stable than that with small particles, although its initial photocatalytic activity is relatively lower compared with that of the small particle samples.

Keywords

photocatalysis / titania / deactivation / absorption / crystal violet

References

[1] O’Regan B., Gratzel M. A Low-cost, High-efficiency Solar Cell Based on Dye Sensitized Colloidal TiO2 Films[J]. Nature, 1991, 353: 737-740.

[2] Bach U., Corr D., Lupo D., . Nanomaterials-based Electrochromics for Paper-Quality Displays[J]. Adv. Mater., 2002, 14: 845-848.

[3] Bonhote P., Gogniat E., Campus F., . Nanocrystalline Electrochromic Displays [J]. Displays, 1999, 20: 137-144.

[4] Gouma P. I., Mills M. J., Sandhage K. H. The Fabrication of Free-Standing Titania-based Gas Sensors by the Oxidation of Metallic Titanium Foils[J]. J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 2000, 83(4): 1 007-1 009.

[5] Cho Y. M., Choi W. Y., Lee C. H., . Visible Light-induced Degradation of Carbon Tetrachloride on Dye-sensitized TiO₂[J]. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2001, 35: 966-970.

[6] Zhao W., Ma W. H., Chen C. H., . Efficient Degradation of Toxic Organic Pollutants with Ni₂O₃/TiO_2−xB_x under Visible Irradiation[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2004, 126: 4 782-4 783.

[7] Wang C. Y., Böttcher C., Bahnemann D. W., . A Compara-tive Study of Nanometer Sized Fe(III)-doped TiO₂ Photocatalysts: Synthesis, Characterization and Activity[J]. J. Mater. Chem., 2003, 13: 2 322-2 329.

[8] Yu J. X., Wang J. Y., Zhang J., . Characterization and Photoactivity of TiO₂ Sols Prepared with Triethylamine[J]. Mater. Lett., 2007, 61: 4 984-4 988.

[9] Chu S. Z., Wada K. J., Inoue S., . Fabrication and Structural Characteristics of Ordered TiO₂-Ru(-RuO₂) Nanorods in Porous Anodic Alumina Films on ITO/Glass Substrate [J]. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2003, 107: 10 180-10 184.

[10] Kim C. S., Moon B. K., Park J. H., . Solvothermal Synthesis of Nanocrystalline TiO₂ in Toluene with Surfactant[J]. J. Cryst. Growth, 2003, 257: 309-315.

[11] Cozzoli P. D., Kornocoski A., Weller H. J. Low-temperature Synthesis of Soluble and Processable Organic-capped Anatase TiO₂ Nanorods[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2003, 125: 14 539-14 548.

[12] Jiang X. C., Wang Y. L., Herricks T., . Ethylene Glycol-mediated Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanowires[J]. J. Mater. Chem., 2004, 14: 695-703.

[13] Kolenko Y. V., Burukhin A. A., Churagulov B. R., . Synthesis of Nanocrystalline TiO₂ Powders From Aqueous TiOSO₄ Solutions under Hydrothermal Conditions[J]. Mater. Lett., 2003, 57: 1 124-1 129.

[14] Kim C. S., Moon B. K., Park J. H., . Synthesis of Nanocrystalline TiO₂ in Toluene by a Solvothermal Route [J]. J. Cryst. Growth, 2003, 254: 405-410.

[15] Pradhan S. K., Reucroft P. J., Yang F. Q., . Growth of TiO₂ Nanorods by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition[J]. J.Cryst. Growth, 2003, 256: 83-88.

[16] Romano S. D., Kurlat D. H. Rheological Measurements in Titania Gels Synthesized from Reverse Micells [J]. Chem. Phys. Lett., 2000, 323(9): 93-97.

[17] Yang J., Mei S., Ferreira J. M. F. Hydrothermal Synthesis of TiO₂ Nanopowders from Tetraalkylammonium Hydroxide Peptized Sols[J]. Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 2001, 15: 183-185.

[18] Cot F., Larbot A., Nabias G., . Preparation and Characterization of Colloidal Solution Derived Crystallized Titania Powder [J]. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 1998, 18(14): 2 175-2 181.

[19] Chae S. Y., Park M. K., Lee S. K., . Prepara-tion of Sizecontrolled TiO₂ Nanoparticles and Derivation of Optically Transparent Photocatalytic Film[J]. Chem. Mater., 2003, 15: 3 326-3 331.

[20] Safarik I., Safankova M. Detection of Low Concentrations of Malachite Green and Crystal Violet in Water[J]. Water Res., 2002, 36: 196-200.

[21] Araña J., Rodríguez J. M. D., Díaz O. G., . Gas-phase Ethanol Photocatalytic Degradation Study with TiO2 Doped with Fe, Pd and Cu[J]. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 2004, 215: 153-160.

[22] Yang X. X., Cao C. D., Hohn K., . Highly Visible-light Active C- and V-doped TiO₂ for Degradation of Acetaldehyde [J]. J. Catal., 2007, 252: 296-302.

[23] Moon J., Takagi H., Fujishiro Y., . Preparation and Characterization of the Sb-doped TiO₂ Photocatalysts[J]. J. Mater. Sci., 2001, 36: 949-955.

[24] Ichinose H., Terasaki M., Katsuki H. Synthesis of Peroxo-modified Anatase Sol from Peroxo Titanic Acid Solution[J]. J. Ceram. Soc, Jpn., 1996, 104(8): 715-718.