Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution onto hydrochloric acid-modified rectorite

Abstract

H⁺-rectorite clay, which was prepared by modifying the raw rectorite with 10% hydrochloric acid at 60 °C for 24 h, was used as an absorbent for removal of methyl blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The morphology and the structure and crystallinity of the pristine rectorite and the H⁺-rectorite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, respectively. The results showed that the H⁺-rectorite exhibited high adsorption ability than the raw rectorite, and it was found that the removal percentage of MB increased with increasing in adsorbents dose, whereas the adsorption amount q _e (mg/g) decreased. The equilibrium was attained within 30 min in adsorption process, and the maximum adsorption capacity of H⁺-rectorite for methylene blue reached as high as 37 mg/g. Besides, the effect of temperature on the adsorption of MB with H⁺-rectorite was investigated and the equilibrium data were well fitted to Freundlich equations. The H⁺-rectorite absorbent saturated with MB can be regenerated by calcinating at 400 °C for 2 h and the regenerated absorbent still showed higher percentage removal of MB.

Keywords

rectorite / modified / MB / adsorption kinetics / regenerated

References

[1] Karaca S., Gürses A., M A., . Adsorption of Cationic Dye from Aqueous Solutions by Activated Carbon[J]. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2008, 115: 376-382.

[2] Gong R. M., Sun Y. Z., Chen J., . Effect of Chemical Modification on Dye Adsorption Capacity of Peanut Hull[J]. Dyes and Pigments, 2005, 67: 175-181.

[3] Macedo J. D. S., Júnior N. B. D. C., Almeida L. E., . Kinetic and Calorimetric Study of the Adsorption of Dyes on Mesoporous Activated Carbon Prepared from Coconut Coir Dust[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2006, 298: 515-522.

[4] Li D., Yin G. J. Study on Adsorption of Methylene Blue by Modified Coal Gangue[J]. Non-Metallic Mines, 2008, 31(4): 59-61.

[5] Han R. P., Zhang J. P., Han P., . Study of Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Parameters about Methylene Blue Adsorption onto Natural Zeolite[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2009, 145: 496-504.

[6] Doğan M., Özdemir Y., Alkan M. Adsorption Kinetics and Mechanism of Cationic Methyl Violet and Methylene Blue Dyes onto Sepiolite[J]. Dyes and Pigments, 2007, 75: 701-713.

[7] Yi J. Z., Zhang L. M. Removal of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption onto Sodium Humate/polyacrylamide/clay Hybrid Hydrogels[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99: 2 182-2 186.

[8] Başar C. A. Applicability of the Various Adsorption Models of Three Dyes Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Prepared Waste Apricot[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2006, B135: 232-241.

[9] Yousef R. I., El-Eswed B., Alshaaer M., . The Influence of Using Jordanian Natural Zeolite on the Adsorption, Physical, and Mechanical Properties of Geopolymers Products[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 165: 379-387.

[10] Dana Y. M., Shlomo N., Yona C. Fluridone Adsorption-Desorption on Organo-Clays[J]. Applied Clay Science, 2004, 24: 167-175.

[11] Zhang G. K., Liu Y., Xie Y., . Zinc Adsorption on Narectorite and Effect of Static Magnetic Field on the Adsorption[J]. Applied Clay Science, 2005, 29: 15-21.

[12] Almeida C. A. P., Debacher N. A., Downs A. J., . Removal of Methylene Blue from Colored Effluents by Adsorption on Montmorillonite Clay[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2009, 332: 46-53.

[13] Weng C. H., Pan Y. F. Adsorption of a Cationic Dye (Methylene Blue) onto Spent Activated Clay[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2007, 144: 355-362.

[14] Wang H. K., Gong W. Q. Preparation of Granulated Adsorption Material of Water-quenched Slag/rectorite Composite for Removal of Cu(II) Ions from Copper Smelter Wastewater[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater.Sci. Ed., 2008, 6: 372-375.

[15] Ma Y. L., Xu Z. R., Guo T., . Adsorption of Methylene Blue on Cu(II)-exchanged Montmorillonite[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2004, 280: 283-288.

[16] Hong H. L., Jiang W. T., Zhang X. L., . Adsorption of Cr(VI) on STAC-modified Rectorite[J]. Applied Clay Science, 2008, 42: 292-299.

[17] Bouberka Z., Kacha S., Kameche M., . Sorption Study of an Scid Dye from an Aqueous Solutions Using Modified Clays[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2005, 119: 117-124.

[18] Olivier J. P., Occelli M. L. Surface Area and Microporosity of Pillared Rectorite Catalysts from a Hybrid Density Functional Theory Method[J]. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2003, 57: 291-296.

[19] Hong H. L., Zhang X. L., Wan M., . Morphological Characteristics of (K, Na)-Rectorite from Zhongxiang Rectorite Deposit, Hubei, Central China[J]. Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2008, 19(1): 38-46.

[20] Wang W. B., Wang A. Q. Preparation, Characterization and Properties of Sperabsorbent Nanocomposite Based on Natural Guar Gum and Modified Rectorite[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2009, 77: 891-897.

[21] Yao Y. J., Xu F. F., Chen M., . Adsorption Behavior of Methylene Blue on Carbon Nanotubes[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2010, 101: 3 040-3 046.

[22] Kavitha D., Namasivayam C. Experimental and Kinetic Studies on Methylene Blue Adsorption by Coir Pith Carbon[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2007, 98: 14-21.

[23] He Y. X. Study of the Adsorption of Methyl Orange and Methlene Blue in the Aqueous Solutions by Natural Zeolite[D], 2007 Zhengzhou University of Zhengzhou

[24] Karagöz S., Tay T., Ucar S., . Activated Carbons from Waste Biomass by Sulfuric Acid Activation and Their Use on Methylene Blue Adsorption[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2008, 99: 6 214-6 222.

[25] Zhang G. K., Yang J. L., Zhang S. M., . Preparation of Nanosized Bi₃NbO₇ and Its Visible-light Photocatalytic Property[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 172: 986-992.

[26] Küncek Şener S. Adsorption of Methylene Blue onto Sonicated Sepiolite from Aqueous Solutions[J]. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2010, 17: 250-257.

[27] Huang Y., Ma X. Y., Liang G. Z., . Adsorption of Phenol with Modified Rectorite from Aqueous Solution[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2008, 141: 1-8.

[28] Langmuir I. The Constitution and Fundamental Properties of Solids and Liquids[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1916, 38: 2 221-2 226.