Growth of carbon encapsulated long nickel nanorods on bulk nickel substrate

Abstract

Carbon nanotube encapsulated nickel nanorods were catalytic grown via pyrolysis of oil on a bulk nickel wire substrate. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were employed to characterize the as-prepared sample. The results show that, carbon nanotubes possess several microns in length, the filled metallic nickel nanorods with a uniform diameter of 35 nm were tightly encapsulated by the carbon capsules. The detailed formation mechanism for the carbon nanotubes encapsulated nickel nanorods were discussed briefly.

Keywords

carbon nanotube / nickel nanorod / pyrolysis / core-shell

References

[1] Majetich S. A., Artman J. O., McHenry M. E., . Preparation and Properties of Carbon Coated Magnetic Nano-crystallites[J]. Physical Review B, 1993, 48: 16 845-16 850.

[2] McHenry M. E., Majetich S. A., Artman J. O., . Superparamagnetism in Carbon-coated Co Particles Produced by the Kratschmer Carbon Arc Process[J]. Physical Review B, 1994, 49(16): 11 358-11 364.

[3] Tyagi P. K., Misra D. S., Misra A., . Single Crystalline Nickel Nanorods Inside Carbon Nanotubes: Their Growth Behaviour, Structure and Magnetic Properties[J]. Journal of Nanoscince and Nanotechnology, 2005, 5(4): 596-600.

[4] Fujita T., Hayashi Y., Tokunaga T., . Cobalt Nanorods Fully Encapsulated in Carbon Nanotube and Magnetization Measurements by Off-axis Electron Holography[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2006, 88: 243 118-243 120.

[5] Fujita T., Chen M., Wang X., . Electron Holography of Single-crystal Iron Nanorods Encapsulated in Carbon Nanotubes[ J]. J. Appl. Phys., 2007, 101: 014 323-014 325.

[6] Joly-Pottuz L., Vacher B., Mogne T. L., . The Role of Nickel in Ni-containing Nanotubes and Onions as Lubricant Aadditives[J]. Tribol. Lett., 2008, 29: 213-219.

[7] Lee H., Yoon S. W., Kim E. J., . In-situ Growth of Copper Sulfide Nanocrystals on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Their Application as Novel Solar Cell and Amperometric Glucose Sensor Materials[J]. Nano. Lett., 2007, 7(3): 778-784.

[8] Sevilla M., Sanchis C., Valdes-Solis T., . Direct Synthesis of Graphitic Carbon Nanostructures from Saccharides and Their Use as Electrocatalytic Supports[J]. Carbon, 2008, 46: 931-939.

[9] Arruebo M., Fernández-Pacheco R., Ibarra M. R., . Magnetic Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery[J]. Nanotoday, 2007, 2(3): 22-32.

[10] Hilder T. A., Hill J. M. Modelling the Encapsulation of the Anticancer Drug Cisplatin into Carbon Nanotubes[J]. Nanotechnology, 2007, 18: 5 704-5 711.

[11] Setlur A. A., Dai J. Y., Lauerhaas J. M., . Formation of Filled Carbon Nanotubes and Nanoparticles Using Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Molecules[J]. Carbon, 1998, 36: 721-723.

[12] Liu S., Zhu J., Mastai Y., . Preparation and Characteristics of Carbon Nanotubes Filled with Cobalt[J]. Chem. Mater., 2000, 12: 2 205-2 211.

[13] Hayashi Y., Fujita T., Tokunaga T., . Encapsluation of Co and Pd Multi-metal Nanowires Inside Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes by Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition[J]. Diamond & Related Materials, 2007, 16: 1 200-1 203.

[14] Guan L., Shi Z., Li H., . Super-long Continuous Ni Nanowires Encapsulated in Carbon Nanotubes[J]. Chem. Commun., 2004, 17: 1 988-1 989.

[15] Hamaoui B. E., Zhi L., Wu J., . Uniform Carbon and Carbon Cobalt Nanostructures by Solid-state Thermolysis of Polyphenylene[J]. Adv. Mater., 2005, 17: 2 957-2 960.

[16] Huo J., Song H., Chen X., . Formation and Transformation of Carbon-encapsulated Iron Carbideiron Nanorods[J]. Carbon, 2006, 44: 2 849-2 867.

[17] Huo J., Song H., Chen X., . From Carbon-Encapsulated Iron Nanorods to Carbon Nanotubes[J]. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2008, 112: 5 835-5 839.

[18] Liu B. H., Ding J., Zhong Z. Y., . Large-scale Preparation of Carbon-encapsulated Cobalt Nanoparticles by the Catalytic Method[J]. Chemical Physics Letters, 2002, 358: 96-102.

[19] Tuinstra F., Koenig J. L. Raman Spectrum of Graphite[J]. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 1970, 53(3): 1 126-1 131.

[20] Tan P. H., Deng Y. M., Zhao Q. Temperature-dependent Raman Spectra and Anomalous Raman Phenomenon of Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite[J]. Physical Review B, 1998, 58(9): 5 435-5 439.

[21] Tan P. H., An L., Liu L. Q., . Probing the Phonon Dispersion Relations of Graphite from the Double-resonance Process of Stokes and Anti-Stokes Raman Scatterings in Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes[J]. Physical Review B, 2002, 66(24): 245 410-245 417.

[22] Tan P. H., Hu C. Y. Polarization Properties, High-order Raman Spectra, and Frequency Asymmetry between Stokes and Anti-Stokes Scattering of Raman Modes in a Graphite Whisker[J]. Physical Review B, 2001, 64(21): 214 301-214 312.

[23] Xu Y. H., Zhu Y. H., Zhao F. M., . Electrocatalytic Reductive Dehalogenation of Polyhalogenated Phenols in Aqueous Solution on Ag Electrodes[J]. Applied Catalysis A: General, 2007, 324: 83-86.

[24] Hofmann S., Sharma R., Ducati C., . In situ Observations of Catalyst Dynamics during Surface-Bound Carbon Nanotube Nucleation[J]. Nano. Lett., 2007, 7(3): 602-608.