Preparation of intercalated clay/phenolic resin nanocomposites under high pressure

Abstract

High pressure method was used for the first time to produce rectorite clay (REC)/phenolic resin (PF) and organic rectorite clay (OREC)/phenolic resin and montmorillonite (MMT)/phenolic resin (PF) nanocomposites. The structure of the material phase was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The experimental results show that intercalated clay/resin nanocomposites could form under normal temperature and high pressure conditions by the intercalation of polymeric molecules rather than interlayer polymerization.

Keywords

rectorite / montmorillonite / phenolic resin / high pressure / intercalation

References

[1] Ogata N, Jimenez G, Kawaih, . Structure and Thermal/Mechanical Properties of Pol(lactide)-clay Blend[J]. Polym. Sci., Part B, 1997, 35: 389-396.

[2] Mark J E. Ceramic-reinforced Polymers and Polymer-modified Ceramics[J]. Polym. Eng. Sci., 1996, 36: 2905-2920.

[3] Ping-hua Wang, Guo-yong Xu. Advance in the Polymer/Silicate Layered Nanocomposites Prepared by Intercalation[J]. Polymer Materials Science and Engineering, 2003, 19(6): 37-41.

[4] Okada A, Kawasumi M, Kurauchi T, . Synthesis and Characterization of a Nylon6-clay Hybrid[J]. Polym. Prepr, 1987, 28: 447-447.

[5] Ming-liang Ge. Preparation Principle of Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites by Intercalation Method[J]. Plastics Sci. and Technology, 2003, 3: 44-50.

[6] Yangchuan Ke, Chengzhe Long, Zongneng Qi, . Crystallization, Properties and Crystal and Nanoscale Morphology of PET Clay Nanocomposites[J]. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 1999, 71(7): 1139-1146.

[7] Qi Zong-neng, Ke Yang-chuan, DING You-kang.The Polymer/Silicate Layered Nanocomposites Prepared by Intercalation [P]. China Patent, CN1187506A, 1998

[8] Medellin-Rodriguez FJ, Burger C, Hsiao BS, . Time Resolved Sheer Behavior of End-tetheered Nylon6-clay Nanocomposites Followed by Nan-isothermal Crystallization[J]. Polymer, 2001, 42: 9015-9023.

[9] Yang Y, Zhu Z K, Yin J, . Preparation and Properties of Hybrids of Organo-soluble Polyimide and Montmorillonite with Various Chemical Surface Modifications Methods[J]. Polymer, 1999, 40: 4407-4414.

[10] Wang Z, Pinnavaia T J. Hybrid Organic-inorganic Nanocomposites[J]. Chem. Mater., 1998, 10: 1820-1826.

[11] Kojima Y, Fukumor K, Usuki A, . Gas-permeabilities in Rubber-clay Hybrid[J]. J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1993, 12: 889-890.

[12] Messersmith P B, Giannelis E P. Synthesis and Barrier Properties of Poly (ɛ caprolactone)-layered Silicate Nanocomposites [J]. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 1995, 33: 1047-1057.

[13] Beake B D, Chen S, Hull J B, Gao F. Nanoidentation Behavior of Clay/Poly (ethylene oxide) Nanocomposites[J]. J. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 2002, 2(1): 73-79.

[14] Yeh J M, Liou S J, Lin C Y, . Anticorrosively Enhanced PMMA Clay Nanocomposite Materials with Quaternary Alkylphosphonium Salt as an Intercalating Agent[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2002, 14(1): 154-161.

[15] Kornmann X, Berglund LA, Strerte T, . Nanocomposites Based on Montmorillonite and Unsaturated Polyoster[J]. Polym. Eng. Sci., 1998, 38(8): 1351-1358.

[16] Jie Ren, Yan Liu, Xiao-zhen Tang. Research and Applications of Polymer/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites by Intercalation Process[J]. Journal of Building Materials, 2002, 5(4): 353-359.

[17] Xiao-yan Ma, Hai-jun Lu, Guo-zheng Liang, . Preparation and Properties of Intercalated Rectorite Poly Propylene Nanocomposites[J]. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2004, 1: 88-92.

[18] AKella J, Kennedy Ce C. Melting of Gold, Silver and Copper Proposal for a New High-pressure Calibration Scale[J]. J. Geophys. Rev., 1971, 76: 4969-4977.