In vitro biomineralization of glutaraldehyde crosslinked chitosan films

Abstract

The biomimetic approach was applied to study the in vitro biomineralization of series of the chitosan films crosslinked by glutaraldehyde. The deposited calcium phosphate coatings were studied using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Initially, the treatment in simulated body fluid (SBF) results in the formation of single layer of calcium phosphate particles over the film surface. As immersion time in SBF increases, further nucleation and growth produce a simulated calcium phosphate coating. The Cal P molar ratio of the calcium phosphate increases with the immersion time, showing a rapid formation of calcium-deficient phosphate material from the phase of octac 1 alcium phosphate. The different glutaraldehyde crosslinking degree influences the morphology and magnitude of the calcium phosphate coatings on the surface of the chitosan films.

Keywords

chitosan / calcium phosphate / biomimetic mineralization

References

[1] Majeti N V, Ravi K. A Review of Chitin and Chitosan Applications. React. & Funct. Polym., 2000, 46: 1-27.

[2] Felse P A, Panda T. Studies on Application of Chitin and its Derivatives. Bioprocess Eng., 1999, 20: 505-512.

[3] Madihally S V, Matthew H W T. Porous Chitosan Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering. Biomaterials, 1999, 20: 1133-1142.

[4] Suh J K F, Matthew H W T. Application of Chitosan-based Polysaccharide Biomaterials in Cartilage Tissue Engineering: a Review. Biomaterials, 2000, 21: 2589-2598.

[5] Wan A C A, Khor E, Wong J M, Hastings G W. Promotion of Calcification on Carboxymethylchitin Discs. Biomaterials, 1996, 17: 1529-1534.

[6] Beppu M M, Aimoli C G. Influence of Acetylation on in vitro Chitosan Membrane Biomineralization. Key Eng. Mater., 2004, 254-2: 311-314.

[7] Varma H K, Yokogawa Y, Espinosa F F, Kawamoto Y, Nishizawa K, Nagata F, Kameyama T. Porons Calcium Phosphate Coating over Phosphorylated Chitosan Film by a Biomimetic Method. Biomaterials, 1999, 20: 879-884.

[8] Dalas E, Kallitis J K, Koutsoukos P G. Crystallization of Hydroxyapatite on Polymers. Langmuir, 1991, 7: 1822-1826.

[9] Oyrton A C, Monteiro J, Claudio A. Some Studies of Crosslinking Chitosan-glutaraldehyde Interaction in a Homogeneous System. Int J. of Biol. Macromol., 1999, 26: 119-125.

[10] Zhang Y, Zhang M. Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Chitosan Scaffolds Reinforced by Calcium Phosphates. J. of Non-crystal. Solids, 2001, 282: 159-164.

[11] Muzzarelli C, Muzzarelli R A A. Natural and Artificial Chitosan-inorganic Composites. J. or Inorg. Biochem., 2002, 92: 89-94.

[12] Viala S, Freche M, Lacout J L. Effect of Chitosan on Octacalcium Phosphate Crystal Growth. Carbohydr. Polym., 1996, 29: 197-201.