Assessment of Onshore Renewable Energy Power Supply for Ship’s Emissions Reduction in Port Said West Port
Merna Makram, Ameen M. Bassam, Adel A. Tawfik, Waleed Yehia
Journal of Marine Science and Application ›› 2024, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (2) : 506-524.
Assessment of Onshore Renewable Energy Power Supply for Ship’s Emissions Reduction in Port Said West Port
Air pollution from shipping is becoming a critical issue, particularly in dense hub port cities. One proposed solution to minimize ship-based emissions at ports is the implementation of an Onshore Power Supply (OPS) system. OPS allows ships to shut off their auxiliary engines and instead connect to the port grid. While there have been numerous studies conducted on ports in Europe and the United States, little research has been done on Egyptian ports. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the feasibility of implementing OPS at Port Said West Port in Egypt, aligning with Egypt Vision 2030’s goals for addressing climate change. The research primarily focuses on analyzing data collected from calling ships to generate socio-economic and cost-effectiveness analyses of OPS. To further enhance the environmental benefits of OPS, the paper proposes the use of solar energy as the OPS electricity source. The findings of the study revealed that by relying on the national grid, emissions can be reduced by 28%. Moreover, it is predicted that this reduction could reach 100% if electricity generation is solely based on solar energy. Additionally, the economic analysis demonstrates promising profitability, with a payback period of approximately two years.
Onshore power supply / Port sustainability / Shipping emissions inventory / Solar energy / Photovoltaic systems
[] |
|
[] |
|
[] |
American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) (2021) Retrieved online from https://ww2.eagle.org/en.html (Accessed 13 May 2021)
|
[] |
Andria G, Attivissimo F, Cavone G, Lanzolla AML, Spadavecchia M (2014) Environmental impact of the marine transport in port of Taranto. 5th IMEKO TC19 Symposium on Environmental Instrumentation and Measurements, 16–19. IMEKO-International Measurement Federation Secretariat
|
[] |
|
[] |
|
[] |
Bassam AM, Phillips AB, Turnock SR, Wilson PA (2023) A solar energy-based shore side power system for a ferry service across the Suez Canal, Ships and Offshore Structures, https://doi.org/10.1080/17445302.2023.2245187
|
[] |
Bullock S, Hoolohan C, Larkin A (2023) Accelerating shipping decarbonization: A case study on UK shore power. Heliyon 9.7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17475
|
[] |
CARB. . Technical support document: Initial statement of reasons for the proposed rulemaking-Regulations to reduce emissions from diesel auxiliary engines on ocean-going vessels while at-berth at a California port, 2007 Sacramento, CA California Air Resources Board Retrieved from
|
[] |
CARB. . Initial statement of reasons for proposed rulemaking-Proposed amendments to the regulations fuel sulfur and other operational requirements for ocean-going vessels within California waters and 24 nautical miles of the California baseline, 2011 Sacramento, CA California Air Resources Board
|
[] |
|
[] |
|
[] |
Climate Data (2019) Climate-data. org, Port Said Climate: Average temperature, weather by month. Available at: https://en.climate-data.org/africa/egypt/port-said-governorate/port-said-504/ (Accessed: 02 October 2023)
|
[] |
|
[] |
De Jonge E, Hugi C, Cooper D (2005) European commission directorate general environment service contract on ship emissions: Assignment, abatement and market-based instruments. Task 2a-Shore-Side Electricity Final Report ENTEC UK Limited.
|
[] |
Det Norske Veritas (DNV) (2021) Retrieved online from https://vesselregister.dnv.com/vesselregister/(Accessed 13 May 2021)
|
[] |
EMICS Circular (2018) EMICS Egypt. Retrieved online from https://www.emicsegypt.com/ (Accessed 15 May 2021)
|
[] |
Essen H, van Wijngaarden L, van Sutter D, Bieler C, Maffii S, Fiorello D, Fermi F, Parolin R, Schroten A, Brambilla M (2020) Handbook on the external costs of transport: version 2019-1.1. Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/10.2832/51388
|
[] |
Esteve Pérez J, Gutiérrez Romero JE (2015) Renewable energy supply to ships at port. SARTI. https://raco.cat/index.php/Instrumentation/article/view/316007
|
[] |
|
[] |
|
[] |
Guo B, Gissey GC (2019) Cost Pass-through in the British Wholesale Electricity Market: Implications of Brexit and the ETS reform. Energy Policy Research Group, University of Cambridge. http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep30333
|
[] |
|
[] |
|
[] |
IMO (2020) Fourth IMO greenhouse gas study. MEPC 75/7/15: Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships-Final report. https://www.imo.org/en/ourwork/Environment/Pages/Fourth-IMO-Greenhouse-Gas-Study-2020.aspx
|
[] |
|
[] |
IRENA (2021) Renewable Capacity Statistics 2021. Technical Report, Abu Dhabi. https://www.irena.org/publications/2021/March/Renewable-Capacity-Statistics-2021
|
[] |
|
[] |
Kraemer I, Czermanski E (2020) Onshore power one option to reduce air emissions in ports. Sustainability Management Forum. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00550-020-00497-y
|
[] |
Kurt I, Boulougouris E, Pachakis D (2023) Comparative Technical-Economic Evaluation of Offshore Containerships Port Systems. Ships and Offshore Structures. https://doi.org/10.1080/17445302.2023.2226502
|
[] |
Lee H, Pham H, Chen M, Choo S (2021) Bottom-Up Approach Ship Emission Inventory in Port of Incheon Based on VTS Data. Advanced Transportation. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5568777
|
[] |
Maibach M, Schreyer C, Sutter D, Van Essen HP, Boon BH, Smokers R, Schroten A, Doll C, Pawlowska B, Bak M (2008) Handbook on estimation of external costs in the transport sector Internalisation Measures and Policies for All external Cost of Transport (IMPACT), Version 1.1. http://www.cedelft.nl/
|
[] |
Merk O (2014) Shipping emissions in ports. Paris: The International Transport Forum’s Discussion Paper. https://doi.org/10.1787/5jrw1ktc83r1-en
|
[] |
MFAT market report NZ (2021) The Importance of the Suez Canal to Global Trade Market Report Egypt: The New Zealand Embassy. https://www.mfat.govt.nz/assets/Trade/MFAT-Market-reports/The-Importance-of-the-Suez-Canal-to-Global-Trade-18-April-2021
|
[] |
Mohamed S, Salah-Eldine M (2020) Evaluating the sustainable green seaports (SGP) in Egypt: Case Study of Alexandria and Eldekhila Seaports, Journal of Alexandria University for Administrative Sciences, 57 (1). https://acjalexu.journals.ekb.eg/article_79839
|
[] |
Naty S, Viviano A, Foti E (2016) Wave Energy Exploitation System Integrated in the Coastal Structure of a Mediterranean Port. Sustainability. 8(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/su8121342
|
[] |
Ni P, Wang X, Li H (2020) A review on regulations, current status, effects and reduction strategies of emissions for marine diesel engines fuel. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118477
|
[] |
Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (ClassNK) (2021) Retrieved online from https://www.classnk.or.jp/hp/en/index.html (Accessed 13 May 2021)
|
[] |
ODS register (2010) Noise from ships in ports Possibilities for noise reduction. Retrieved from https://mst.dk/media/mst/66165/978-87-92668-35-6
|
[] |
|
[] |
Peng Y, Liu H, Li X, Huang J, Wang W (2020) Machine learning method for energy consumption prediction of ships in port considering green ports. Journal of Cleaner Production. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121564
|
[] |
Sciberras EA, Zahawi B, Atkinson DJ (2015) Electrical characteristics of cold ironing energy supply for berthed ships. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2015.05.007
|
[] |
SCZONE (2021) West Port Said port. Retrieved from: https://sczone.eg/services/west-portsaid-port/ (Accessed 30 May 2021)
|
[] |
|
[] |
Seddiek I (2019) Application of renewable energy technologies for eco-friendly sea ports. Ships and Offshore Structures. 10.108017445302.2019.1696535
|
[] |
|
[] |
Ship and bunker (2022) Retrieved from https://shipandbunker.com/prices#MGO (Accessed 2 June 2022)
|
[] |
Slack B, Comtois C, Wiegmans B, Witte P (2018) Ships time in port. International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSTL.2018.10008534
|
[] |
SolarGIS Freemaps (2018) Global Horizontal Irradiation. Country maps: Egypt. Solar resource map 2018 Retrieved from https://solargis.com/maps-and-gis-data/download/egypt (Accessed 4 July 2022)
|
[] |
|
[] |
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2017) Shore Power Technology Assessment at U. S. Ports. Transportation and Climate Division Office of Transportation and Air Quality U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2017-05/documents/420r17004-2017-update
|
[] |
|
[] |
|
[] |
|
[] |
Wang L, Liang C, Shi J, Molavi A, Lim G, Zhang Y (2021) A bilevel hybrid economic approach for optimal deployment of onshore power supply in maritime ports. Applied energy, 292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116892
|
[] |
|
[] |
|
[] |
|
[] |
Zhai Q, Cao H, Zhao X, Yuan C (2011) Cost Benefit Analysis of Using Clean Energy Supplies to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Global Automotive Manufacturing. Energies 4, no. 10: 1478–1494. https://doi.org/10.3390/en4101478
|
[] |
|
[] |
|
/
〈 |
|
〉 |