A rate dependent crystal plasticity constitutive model considering self and latent hardening in finite element analysis was developed to simulate rolling textures of pure aluminum. By changing the assignment of orientations to finite elements, i. e. assigning the same set of orientations to all elements or different orientations to different elements, the influences of grain interaction on the formation of rolling textures were numerically simulated with this kind of crystal plasticity finite element model. The simulation results reveal that the grains without considering grain interaction rotate faster than those considering grain interaction, and the rotation of grain boundary is slowed down due to the grain interaction. For a good simulation more elements should be assigned to one grain, in which the effects of both the boundary and interior parts of grain contribute to the formation of rolling textures.

The effects of austenitizing temperature on the morphologies and substructures of as-quenched microstructure were investigated by using 13 medium and high carbon steels. The formation reasons of various morphologies of martensite quenched at different austenitizing temperatures were also studied. The results show that the packet martensite in medium and high carbon steels quenched at higher austenitizing temperature is entirely different from that in as-quenched low carbon steels, which is still plate martensite, and not lath martensite. All the change laws of as-quenched microstructures in medium and high carbon steels are identical with an increase in austenitizing temperature, and the austenitizing temperature can merely change the combined morphology of martensitic platelets, but cannot alter the type of product of martensitic transformation in commercial steels.

The effects of Ag on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 2519 aluminum alloy were investigated by means of tensile test, micro-hardness test, transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope. The results show that the addition of 0.3% (mass fraction) Ag accelerates 2519 aluminum alloy’s age-hardening, increases its peak hardness and reduces 4 h of peak aged time at 180 °C. The addition of 0.3% (mass fraction) Ag increses the tensile strength at room temperature and elevated temperature. This increment at room temperature and 200 °C is 24 MPa and 78 MPa, respectively. In contrast, the elongation of 2519 aluminum alloy is decreased with Ag addition. The increase of tensile strength of 2519 aluminum alloy with Ag addition is attributed to the high volume fraction of Ω phase.

The technology of black coloring for stainless steel by electrochemical method was studied. The optimum bath compositions and operating conditions were obtained as follows: 40 – 50 g/L K₂Cr₂O₇, 15 – 20 g/L MnSO₄, 15 – 20 g/L (NH₄)₂SO₄, 20 – 40 g/L H₃BO₃, 20 – 30 g/L additive A, 2 g/L (NH₄)₆Mo₇O₂₄; time 9 – 20 min; temperature 15 – 30 °C; potential 3 V and current density 1 – 2 mA/cm². The effects of the compositions of the bath on the quality of black colored film were discussed. The influences of passivation process on the black coloring velocity and performances of black colored film layer were investigated. The results show that the passivation process can improve the corrosion resistance and the stability to bear color-change; (NH₄)₂SO₄ can cantrol the black coloring velocity and prolong black coloring bath life remarkably; and additive A can improve the evenness and compactness of black colored film layer. The results of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectra show that the microstructure is of cylindrical lump, the filling process can decrease the crackles, and the main elements of black colored film are Fe, Cr, Mn and Ni.

Compact anodic films with high hardness and good corrosion resistance on magnesium alloys were prepared by a new constant voltage and arc-free anodizing process. The effects of anodizing parameters such as applied voltage and electrolyte temperature on the peak current density and the thickness of films were investigated. In addition, the morphologies and corrosion resistance of films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and potentiodynamic polarization, respectively. The results show that the higher the applied voltage, the higher the peak intense sparking which may deteriorate the properties of the anodic films and bring about unsafety. The new anodizing process can be applied in a wide range of temperature. The new anodic films have numbers of pores with the diameter of 0.5–5.0 µm which do not transverse the entire film.

Application of thermal electrochemical equation to metal-hydride half-cell system was investigated, and the influence of state of charge on the thermal electrochemical performance of hydrogen storage materials was studied. The results show that both the absolute value of the molar enthalpy change and the internal resistance of evolution hydrogen reaction are less than that of absorption hydrogen reaction at the same state of charge. The molar reaction enthalpy change of absorption and evolution of hydride electrode change contrarily with the enhancement of filling degree of hydrogen in hydride electrode. The relation curve of molar reaction enthalpy change to state of charge, both absorption and evolution hydrogen reaction, is close to a constant when the state of charge is 10%–60%, and during state of charge below 10% or state of charge above 60%, the molar reaction enthalpy change varies sharply. Meanwhile, the internal resistance of electrode reaction has an ascending trend with the enhancement on filling degree of hydrogen in hydride electrode in both absorption and evolution hydrogen reaction.

A new technology was developed to recover multiple valuable elements from the spent Al₂O₃-based catalyst by X-ray phase analysis and exploratory experiments. The experimental results show that in the condition of roasting temperature of 750 °C and roasting time of 30 min, molar ratio of Na₂O to Al₂O₃ of 1.2, the leaching rates of alumina, vanadium and molybdenum in the spent catalyst are 97.2%, 95.8% and 98.9%, respectively. Vanadium and molybdenum in sodium aluminate solution can be recovered by precipitators A and B, and the precipitation rates of vanadium and molybdenum are 94.8% and 92.6%. Al(OH)₃ was prepared from sodium aluminate solution in the carbonation decomposition process, and the purity of Al₂O₃ is 99.9% after calcination, the recovery of alumina reaches 90.6% in the whole process; the Ni-Co concentrate was leached by sulfuric acid, a nickel recovery of 98.2% and cobalt recovery over 98.5% can be obtained under the experimental condition of 30% H₂SO₄, 80°C, reaction time 4 h, mass ratio of liquid to solid 8, stirring rate 800 r/min.

Uniform design was used to optimize extraction condition of direct refluence extraction of coumarins from the Chinese traditional medicine of radix angelicae pubescentis(Duhuo); the sum peak area of coumarins separated with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at detection wavelength of 320 nm was considered as detection index, two factors of solvent concentration and extraction time were mainly studied at extraction temperature of 85°C and a volume ratio of solvent to sample of 10 : 1. Optimal subclass, quadric polynomial step by step aggression and neural network method were applied to process the experimental results. The results show that the first and second methods give the same factors combination (concentration of ethanol: 95%, extraction time: 3.6 h) and the second method is much better than the first one. The extraction model is consequently developed.

Wheat germ protein hydrolysates were prepared by protease hydrolysis, ultrafiltration and dynamical adsorption of resin. The total amount of amino acids in 100 g wheat germ protein hydrolysates is 93.95 g. Wheat germ protein hydrolysates are primarily composed of 4 fractions: 17.78% in the relative molecular mass range of 11 563–1 512, 17.50% in 1512 – 842, 27.38% in 842 – 372 and 30.65% in 372 – 76, respectively. The antioxidant properties of wheat germ protein hydrolysates were evaluated by using different antioxidant tests in vitro. 1.20 g/L wheat germ protein hydrolysates exhibit 78.75% inhibition of peroxidation in linolei acid system; and 1.6 g/L wheat germ protein hydrolysates show 81.11% scavenging effect on the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhrazyl radical. The reducing power of 2.50 g/L wheat germ protein hydrolysates is 0.84. Furthermore, the scavenging activity of 0.60 g/L wheat germ protein hydrolysates against superoxide radical is 75.40%; 0.50 g/L wheat germ protein hydrolysates exhibit 63.35% chelating effect on ferrous ion. These antioxidant activities of wheat germ protein hydrolsates increase with the increase of its concentration. Experimental results suggest that wheat germ protein hydrolysate is a suitable natural antioxidant rich in nutrition and nontoxic.

Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ in leachate were adsorbed on clay-solidified grouting curtain for waste landfills with equilibrium experiment. The cation exchange capacity was determined with ammonium acetate. And the concentration of heavy metal cations in leachate was determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Their equilibrium isotherms were measured, and the experimental isotherm data were analyzed by using Freundlich and Langmuir models. The results show that the adsorption capacities of the heavy metal cations are closely related to the compositions of clay-solidified grouting curtain, and the maximum adsorption appears at the ratio of cement to clay of 2:4 in the experimental conditions. At their maximum adsorption and pH 5.0, the adsorption capacities of Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ are 16.19 mg/g and 1.21 mg/g. The competitive adsorption coefficients indicate that the adsorption of clay-solidified grouting curtain for Pb²⁺ is stronger than that for Cd²⁺. The adsorption process conforms to Freundlich’s model with related coefficient higher than 0.996.

According to the characteristics of spiral mining head for deep seabed cobalt-rich crust, the kinematic model, cutting loads model, quantity of cutting picks model of mining head, granularity distribution model and energy consumption model were constructed. Based on these models, computer simulation program of cutting loads was developed with VB software. The mechanical parameters of mining head were obtained in the cutting depth range of 5–160 mm. Making use of the simulation results, the effect of cutting depth of spiral mining head on the mining process was studied. The results show that the maximum force of single pick is 4.705 1 kN, the maximum force and torque of spiral drum of mining head are respectively 34.166 8 kN and 3.879 5 kN · m at the cutting depth of 160 mm.

Through theoretical analysis and experiments, the viscoelastic mechanical model of optical fiber coupler in the process of fused biconical taper was established, and the numerical analysis in non-uniform temperature field was made. The results show that the rheological parameters, such as drawing speed and fused temperature, have a tremendous influence on stress distribution and performance of optical fiber coupler, especially the influence of fused temperature. The change of fused temperature by 5 °C can lead to the change of the maximum stress by 30% and stress difference by 20% in the same cross section. The change of temperature gradient by 3% can result in the change of stress difference by 90%. In the present condition of rheological technology, rheological defects such as crystallizations and microcracks are easy to generate in the optical fiber coupler.

A cobalt-enriching crust mining vehicle with four independent driven wheels was proposed. The influence of center-of-gravity position of mining vehicle on obstacle performance was studied. The results show that the mining vehicle has optimal obstacle performance with center-of-gravity position in the middle of suspension. A virtual prototype based on ADAMS software was built and its obstacle performance was simulated. Simulation results show that the mining vehicle with four independent driven wheels has excellent obstacle performance, the maximum climbing capacity is no less than 30°, the maximal ditch width and shoulder height are no less than wheel radius of mining vehicle. Thus wheeled mining vehicle is feasible for cobalt-enriching crust commercial mining.

A new two-stage soft real-time scheduling algorithm based on priority table was proposed for task dispatch and selection in cluster systems with inaccurate parameters. The inaccurate characteristics of the system were modeled through probability analysis. By taking into account the multiple important system parameters, including task deadline, priority, session integrity and memory access locality, the algorithm is expected to achieve high quality of service. Lots of simulation results collected under different load conditions demonstrate that the algorithm can not only effectively overcome the inaccuracy of the system state, but also optimize the task rejected ratio, value realized ratio, differentiated service guaranteed ratio, and session integrity ensured ratio with the average improvement of 3.5%, 5.8%, 7.6% and 5.5%, respectively. Compared with many existing schemes that cannot deal with the inaccurate parameters of the system, the proposed scheme can achieve the best system performance by carefully adjusting scheduling probability. The algorithm is expected to be promising in systems with soft real-time scheduling requirement such as E-commerce applications.

An improved on-demand multicast routing protocol (ODMRP), node classification on-demand multicast routing protocol(NC-ODMRP), which is based on node classification in mobile ad hoc networks was proposed. NC-ODMRP classifies nodes into such three categories as ordinary node, forwarding group(FG) node, neighbor node of FG node according to their history forwarding information. The categories are distinguished with different weights by a weight table in the nodes. NC-ODMRP chooses the node with the highest weight as an FG node during the set-up of forwarding group, which reduces a lot of redundant FG nodes by sharing more FG nodes between different sender and receiver pairs. The simulation results show that NC-ODMRP can reduce more than 20% FG number of ODMRP, thus enhances nearly 14% data forwarding efficiency and 12% energy consumption efficiency when the number of multicast senders is more than 5.

In order to improve the data transmission reliability of mobile ad hoc network, a routing scheme called integrated forward error correction multipath routing protocol was proposed, which integrates the techniques of packet fragmenting and forward error correction encoding into multipath routing. The scheme works as follows: adding a certain redundancy into the original packets; fragmenting the resulting packets into exclusive blocks of the same size; encoding with the forward error correction technique, and then sending them to the destination node. When the receiving end receives a certain amount of information blocks, the original information will be recovered even with partial loss. The performance of the scheme was evaluated using OPNET modeler. The experimental results show that with the method the average transmission delay is decreased by 20% and the transmission reliability is increased by 30%.

To evaluate the fatigue damage reliability of critical members of the Nanjing Yangtze river bridge, according to the stress-number curve and Miner’s rule, the corresponding expressions for calculating the structural fatigue damage reliability were derived. Fatigue damage reliability analysis of some critical members of the Nanjing Yangtze river bridge was carried out by using the strain-time histories measured by the structural health monitoring system of the bridge. The corresponding stress spectra were obtained by the real-time rain-flow counting method. Results of fatigue damage were calculated respectively by the reliability method at different reliability and compared with Miner’s rule. The results show that the fatigue damage of critical members of the Nanjing Yangtze river bridge is very small due to its low live-load stress level.

One dimensional and triaxial compression tests of air-dried and oven-dried Fujinomori clay and Pisa clay were carried out. Water content is less than 4.5% and 1.0% for air-dried and oven-dried clay specimens, respectively. In all tests, axial strain rate was changed stepwise many times and drained creep tests were performed several times during monotonic loading at a constant strain rate. Global unloading (and also reloading in some tests) was applied during which creep loading tests were performed several times. Cyclic loading with small stress amplitude and several cycles was also performed to calculate the modulus of elasticity of the clay in tests. Local displacement transducer was used in triaxial compression test to increase measuring accuracy of axial strain. The results show that air-dried and oven-dried clay have noticeable viscous properties; during global unloading, creep deformation changes from positive to negative, i.e. there exist neutral points (zero creep deformation or no creep deformation point) in global unloading part of strain-stress curve; viscous property of Fujinomori clay decreases when water content decreases, i.e. viscous property of air-dried Fujinomori clay is more significant than that of oven-dried Fujinomori clay.