Deformation characteristics of arch shoulder and collaborative support technology of concrete-filled steel tubes in Hudi Coal Mine

Abstract

Aiming at the problem of large deformation of arch shoulder in deep high stress roadway of Hudi Coal Mine, through field sampling, experimental test and numerical simulation, the deformation mechanism of arch shoulder under the coupling action of high stress, soft and hard rock strata of roof, weakening of surrounding rock and disturbance of space staggered roadway was revealed. Through the research results, the high stress increases the range of the plastic zone, and the soft and hard rock strata lead to the change of the expansion form of the plastic zone. With the decrease of the vertical distance of the space staggered roadway, the insufficient bearing capacity of the supporting material and other factors lead to the increase of the deformation of the shoulder angle and the side, forming the deformation characteristics of the arch shoulder. Based on this, the active and passive collaborative control technology is proposed, and the targeted support concept of “unloading control + strong support + collaborative” is adopted. The optimization scheme controls the deformation of roadway within 8% of the section size, significantly reduces the range of plastic zone, effectively solves the problem of difficult support of arch shoulder deformation.

Keywords

roadway arch shoulder deformation / multi-factor coupling action / plastic zone expansion / active and passive collaborative / differential support

References

[1] Srivastava L P, Singh M. Empirical estimation of strength of jointed rocks traversed by rock bolts based on experimental observation [J]. Engineering Geology. 2015, 197: 103-111.

[2] Wu Y-y, He M-c, Li Het al. . Instability mechanism and energy evolution of surrounding rock at intersections of deep multi-form application [J]. Journal of Central South University. 2024, 31(3): 890-911.

[3] Chen Y-J, Liu M-y, Yin F-qet al. . Deformation characteristics of surrounding rock in the intersection area between main tunnel and construction adit of the Xianglushan tunnel [J]. Geomechanics and Engineering. 2024, 38(1): 1-13

[4] Zhao H-g, Zhang D-m, Jiang C-bet al. . Influence of tunnel axis stress on mechanical response and fracture characteristics of rock surrounding tunnel subjected to gradient stress [J]. Journal of Central South University. 2024, 31(3): 912-929.

[5] Chen Q-g, Zuo Y-j, Zheng L-jing. Deformation failure mechanism and stability-control technology of deep layered clastic-rock roadway under dynamic disturbance [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 2025, 156: 106255.

[6] Sinha S, Walton G. Understanding continuum and discontinuum models of rock-support interaction for excavations undergoing stress-induced spalling [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 2019, 123104089.

[7] Wu X-y, Jiang L-s, Xu X-get al. . Numerical analysis of deformation and failure characteristics of deep roadway surrounding rock under static-dynamic coupling stress [J]. Journal of Central South University. 2021, 28(2): 543-555.

[8] Pinazzi P C, Spearing A J S S, Jessu K Vet al. . Mechanical performance of rock bolts under combined load conditions [J]. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology. 2020, 302167-177.

[9] Zuo J-p, Wen J-h, Li Y-det al. . Investigation on the interaction mechanism and failure behavior between bolt and rock-like mass [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 2019, 93: 103070.

[10] Kang H P, Lin J, Fan M J. Investigation on support pattern of a coal mine roadway within soft rocks: A case study [J]. International Journal of Coal Geology. 2015, 14031-40.

[11] Li G, Hu Y, Tian S-met al. . Analysis of deformation control mechanism of prestressed anchor on jointed soft rock in large cross-section tunnel [J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment. 2021, 80(12): 9089-9103.

[12] Shimada H, Hamanaka A, Sasaoka Tet al. . Behaviour of grouting material used for floor reinforcement in underground mines [J]. International Journal of Mining, Reclamation and Environment. 2014, 28(2): 133-148.

[13] Wang E, Yin S-f, Cheng Z-het al. . Failure mechanism analysis of ultra-large-section soft-rock roadway in kilometer deep coal mine and its collaborative control of “grouting-anchoring-pouring” [J]. Engineering Failure Analysis. 2025, 170: 109338.

[14] Xu X-y, Wu Z-j, Weng Let al. . Investigating the impacts of reinforcement range and grouting timing on grouting reinforcement effectiveness for tunnels in fault rupture zones using a numerical manifold method [J]. Engineering Geology. 2024, 330107423.

[15] Gong F-q, He Z-c, Si X-feng. Experimental study on revealing the mechanism of rockburst prevention by drilling pressure relief: Status-of-the-art and prospects [J]. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk. 2022, 13(1): 2442-2470.

[16] Kumar R, Mandal P K, Narayan Aet al. . Evaluation of load transfer mechanism under axial loads in a novel coupler of dual height rock bolts [J]. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology. 2021, 312225-232.

[17] Pellet F, Roosefid M, Deleruyelle F. On the 3D numerical modelling of the time-dependent development of the damage zone around underground galleries during and after excavation [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 2009, 24(6): 665-674.

[18] Chen S-m, Wu A-x, Wang Y-met al. . Study on repair control technology of soft surrounding rock roadway and its application [J]. Engineering Failure Analysis. 2018, 92: 443-455.

[19] Yang S-q, Chen M, Jing H-wet al. . A case study on large deformation failure mechanism of deep soft rock roadway in Xin’An coal mine, China [J]. Engineering Geology. 2017, 217: 89-101.

[20] Kang Y-s, Liu Q-s, Gong G-qet al. . Application of a combined support system to the weak floor reinforcement in deep underground coal mine [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 2014, 71: 143-150.

[21] Bae B I, Chung J H, Choi H Ket al. . Experimental study on the cyclic behavior of steel fiber reinforced high strength concrete columns and evaluation of shear strength [J]. Engineering Structures. 2018, 157: 250-267.

[22] Leone M, Centonze G, Colonna Det al. . Fiber-reinforced concrete with low content of recycled steel fiber: Shear behaviour [J]. Construction and Building Materials. 2018, 161: 141-155.

[23] Wang J, Han J-y, Zhu C-get al. . Structural optimization and engineering application of concrete-filled steel tubular composite supports [J]. Engineering Failure Analysis. 2024, 159: 108082.

[24] Jiao Y-y, Song L, Wang X-zet al. . Improvement of the U-shaped steel sets for supporting the roadways in loose thick coal seam [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 2013, 6019-25.

[25] Liu D-j, Zuo J-p, Wang Jet al. . Large deformation mechanism and concrete-filled steel tubular support control technology of soft rock roadway-a case study [J]. Engineering Failure Analysis. 2020, 116: 104721.

[26] Li W-t, Yang N, Mei Y-cet al. . Experimental investigation of the compression-bending property of the casing joints in a concrete filled steel tubular supporting arch for tunnel engineering [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 2020, 96103184.

[27] Li G, Ma F-s, Guo Jet al. . Study on deformation failure mechanism and support technology of deep soft rock roadway [J]. Engineering Geology. 2020, 264105262.

[28] Gong F-q, Xu L, Wang S-ret al. . Rockburst proneness index of surrounding rock considering rock mass quality and excavation disturbance factor [J]. Underground Space. 2025, 241-21.

[29] Zuo J-p, Sun Y-j, Liu H-yet al. . Multi-scale failure mechanics of rock in mining engineering [J]. Journal of Mining Science and Technology. 2021, 6(5): 509-523

[30] Ma Z-y, Zuo J-p, Zhu Fet al. . Nonorthogonal failure behavior of roadway surrounding rock subjected to deep complicated stress [J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. 2023, 56(9): 6261-6283.

[31] Gong F-q, Wu W-x, Ren Li. Rockburst process and strength-weakening effect of the high-stress circular tunnel under internal unloading [J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. 2023, 15(4): 864-885.

[32] Jia P-y, Jing H-y, Xu L-yet al. . A modified fracture assessment method for pipelines under combined inner pressure and large-scale axial plastic strain [J]. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics. 2017, 87: 91-98.

[33] Zuo J-p, Liu H-y, Liu D-jet al. . Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation on the coupled support technology of concrete-filled steel tube and bolt-cable in deep roadway [J]. Journal of Central South University. 2023, 30(1): 257-275.

[34] Wang J-l, He X-c, Liu Met al. . Mechanical behaviour of normal concrete and SCCG concrete-filled composite steel tube stub column under axial compression [J]. Structures. 2025, 71108067.

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Central South University