An overview of coal-rock-gas compound dynamic disasters in China and the structural classification of risk-prone areas

Abstract

With the increase of mining depth in coal mines, coal-rock-gas compound dynamic disasters are becoming more frequent. The unclear disaster mechanisms, inaccurate monitoring and early warning systems, incomplete evaluation frameworks, and relatively blind prevention and control measures urgently need to be addressed. This paper systematically reviews the disaster mechanisms of coal-rock-gas compound dynamic disasters, exploring the spatiotemporal coupling relationship between dynamic ground pressure and coal and gas outbursts in the compound disasters process. It proposes a chain-reactive, instantaneous model of “impact-induced outbursts” for hard coal seams and a long-period, guidance-type model of “outburst-induced dynamic pressure” for weak coal seams. In terms of monitoring methods for coal-rock-gas compound dynamic disasters, the paper provides a detailed discussion of structural monitoring, stress monitoring, and gas monitoring technologies, analyzing the impact of coal and rock physical-mechanical parameters and gas parameters on disaster risk. For risk assessment, the paper combines existing hazard evaluation models for dynamic ground pressure and coal and gas outbursts, introducing the concepts of intrinsic structural factors and engineering structural factors to construct a risk zoning system for coal-rock-gas compound dynamic disasters. Regarding prevention and control strategies, the paper centers on structural regulation for disaster mitigation, proposing active prevention and control measures by artificially adjusting the height of the caving zone and optimizing the roof angle. Finally, based on the current research progress, the paper offers prospects for future research directions and key challenges.

Keywords

coal-rock-gas compound dynamic disasters / structural regulation / rockburst / coal and gas outburst / disaster mitigation and control

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